{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:56:34Z","timestamp":1790751394826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005006","name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFP-2021B-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFP-2021B-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macroglossia in pediatric patients, particularly those with Beckwith\u2013Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), can cause airway compromise, feeding difficulties, and dentofacial abnormalities. However, the optimal timing of reduction glossoplasty and its impact on clinical outcomes remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of reduction glossoplasty in children with BWS, with particular emphasis on the association between age at surgery and postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 21 pediatric patients with macroglossia who underwent reduction glossoplasty between 2017 and 2025 at a single institution. Patients were stratified into younger and older groups according to the median age at surgery (16.8 months). Associations between age at surgery and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All patients had BWS. Malocclusion occurred in 61.9% of patients and was significantly associated with older age at surgery (median 23.3 vs. 13.4 months,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). The prevalence of malocclusion was significantly higher in the older group than in the younger group (90.9% vs. 30.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). Wound dehiscence occurred in 33.3% of patients but was managed conservatively in most cases, resulting in a reoperation rate of 14.3%. Age at surgery was not associated with postoperative complications (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.799). Oral feeding was initiated at a median of 3.2 postoperative days and was delayed in patients who developed complications (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduction glossoplasty is a feasible treatment for children with BWS-associated macroglossia. Younger age at surgery was associated with a lower prevalence of malocclusion, whereas age at surgery was not significantly associated with postoperative complications. These findings support individualized surgical decision-making that balances potential dentofacial benefits against perioperative risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1937579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:05:24Z","timestamp":1790748324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Timing of reduction glossoplasty and clinical outcomes in children with Beckwith\u2013Wiedemann syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Na-Kyum","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Se","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minsu","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007276","article-title":"Tongue reduction for macroglossia","volume":"32","author":"McCrossan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.119230","article-title":"Reduction glossectomy for large tongues","volume":"3","author":"Balaji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac 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