{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:28:04Z","timestamp":1791509284985,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31471588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31471588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004602","name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T10:05:47Z","timestamp":1478253947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Protects against 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol-Induced Reduction of Progesterone by Up-regulation of Steroidogenic Enzymes and cAMP Level in Leydig Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jianxia","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuijuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:25:3:265","article-title":"Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide and reactive oxygen species inhibit Leydig cell steroidogenesis via perturbation of mitochondria.","volume":"25","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.024","article-title":"Toxicology, occurrence and risk characterisation of the chloropropanols in food: 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol.","volume":"58","author":"Andres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B3","author":"Cal\/EPA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evidence on the Carcinogenicity of 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol (1,3-DCP; a,g-Dichlorohydrin); California Environmental Protection Agency."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.09.001","article-title":"Chemical studies of anthocyanins: a review.","volume":"113","author":"Castaneda-Ovando","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0090","article-title":"Reactive oxygen disrupts mitochondria in MA-10 tumor Leydig cells and inhibits steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and steroidogenesis.","volume":"144","author":"Diemer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0430225","article-title":"The entry of alpha-chlorohydrin into body fluids of male rats and its effect upon the incorporation of glycerol into lipids.","volume":"43","author":"Edwards","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00020-7","article-title":"Testicular macrophage modulation of Leydig cell steroidogenesis.","volume":"57","author":"Hales","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1336.014","article-title":"Mitochondrial function in Leydig cell steroidogenesis.","volume":"1061","author":"Hales","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"301","key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00301","article-title":"Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside against ultraviolet B radiation-induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes.","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.10.007","article-title":"Hypocholesterolemic activity of grape seed proanthocyanidin is mediated by enhancement of bile acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1.","volume":"21","author":"Jiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2015.31.3.313","article-title":"Analysis of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in Various Foodstuffs Using GC-MS.","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.11.001","article-title":"Developmental toxic potential of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in Sprague-Dawley rats.","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-041715-033346","article-title":"Unraveling anthocyanin bioavailability for human health.","volume":"7","author":"Lila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"369","article-title":"Anthocyanins and heart health.","volume":"43","author":"Mazza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700092","article-title":"The bioavailability and absorption of anthocyanins: towards a better understanding.","volume":"51","author":"McGhie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.048","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside anthocyanin in mice with focal cerebral ischemia.","volume":"500","author":"Min","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212381","article-title":"Comparative testicular toxicities of two isomers of dichloropropanol, 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, and their metabolites alpha-chlorohydrin and epichlorohydrin, and the potent testicular toxicant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.","volume":"55","author":"Omura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0030","article-title":"Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones.","volume":"25","author":"Payne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.12.023","article-title":"Protective effect of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside on beta-amyloid peptide-induced cognitive impairment in rats.","volume":"534","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.007518","article-title":"Differential regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis in R2C and MA-10 Leydig tumor cells: role of SR-B1-mediated selective cholesteryl ester transport.","volume":"68","author":"Rao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17926","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140917926","article-title":"Regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase\/Delta(5)-Delta(4) isomerase: a review.","volume":"14","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161024673","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in different types of berries.","volume":"16","author":"Skrovankova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12048","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1029515","article-title":"Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protection against TNF-alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction: involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling.","volume":"58","author":"Speciale","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.01.017","article-title":"1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol inhibits progesterone production through the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and cAMP concentration in Leydig cells.","volume":"154","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9955","DOI":"10.1021\/jf400809r","article-title":"Toxic mechanisms of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol on progesterone production in R2C rat leydig cells.","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.03.099","article-title":"Effects of electrode materials on the degradation, spectral characteristics, visual colour, and antioxidant capacity of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sophoroside during pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment.","volume":"128","author":"Sun","year":"2011a","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.12.002","article-title":"Identification of degradation pathways and products of cyanidin-3-sophoroside exposed to pulsed electric field.","volume":"126","author":"Sun","year":"2011b","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.11.031","article-title":"Comparative analyses of copigmentation of cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-sophoroside from red raspberry fruits.","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B29","author":"The Joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee Report on Food Additives [JECFA]","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fifty-seventh Meeting, Summary and Conclusions."},{"key":"B30","author":"The Joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee Report on Food Additives [JEFCA]","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants: Sixty-seventh Report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01135595","article-title":"Chlorohydrins in protein hydrolysates.","volume":"167","author":"Velisek","year":"1978","journal-title":"Z Lebensm Unters Forsch."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.032","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in vinorelbine-induced vascular endothelial cell injury.","volume":"48","author":"Yamada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.483","article-title":"The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside, a flavonoid, increases hepatic glutathione synthesis and protects hepatocytes against reactive oxygen species during hyperglycemia: involvement of a cAMP-PKA-dependent signaling pathway.","volume":"52","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2016.00399\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1478253951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2016.00399\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2016.00399","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]}}}