{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:07:25Z","timestamp":1790892445448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T23:59:11Z","timestamp":1499817551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":319,"title":["Drugs for Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases: From Small Molecule Compounds to Anti-TNF Biologics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1184","article-title":"Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.","volume":"3","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1161\/Circulationaha.106.181424","article-title":"Use of nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory drugs an update for clinicians - A scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"115","author":"Antman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"S152","article-title":"Side effects of anti-TNF therapy: current knowledge.","author":"Antoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.100","article-title":"Autoimmunity and anti-TNF-alpha agents.","volume":"1051","author":"Atzeni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_508.x","article-title":"Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy in heart failure: future directions.","volume":"99","author":"Balakumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0940557","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids: molecular mechanisms.","volume":"94","author":"Barnes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/Ard.55.3.169","article-title":"A 10 year follow up of parenteral gold therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"55","author":"Bendix","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(88)91256-X","article-title":"Gamma-interferon: the match that lights the fire?","volume":"9","author":"Billiau","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/385729a0","article-title":"A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells.","volume":"385","author":"Black","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)01300-7","article-title":"Randomised comparison of combined step-down prednisolone, methotrexate and sulphasalazine with sulphasalazine alone in early rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"350","author":"Boers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2275","article-title":"Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials.","volume":"295","author":"Bongartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.3.382","article-title":"Sulphasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"36","author":"Box","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3513-5","article-title":"Public health awareness of autoimmune diseases after the death of a celebrity.","author":"Bragazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058601400201","article-title":"Update on ibuprofen: review article.","volume":"14","author":"Busson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30070","article-title":"Exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids in rheumatic diseases.","volume":"63","author":"Buttgereit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-015-0092-3","article-title":"A review of biologic therapies targeting IL-23 and IL-17 for use in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.","volume":"6","author":"Campa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3666","article-title":"An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors.","volume":"72","author":"Carswell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.2174\/156802606778194217","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha antibody therapies in autoimmune diseases.","volume":"6","author":"Chatzantoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.05.049","article-title":"The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B polymorphisms predict response to anti-TNF therapy in patients with autoimmune disease: a meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.154","article-title":"Interaction of TNF with TNF receptor type 2 promotes expansion and function of mouse CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells.","volume":"179","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324506","article-title":"Differential response of murine CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- T cells to dexamethasone-induced cell death.","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32834","article-title":"TNFR2 expression by CD4 effector T cells is required to induce full-fledged experimental colitis.","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.04.025","article-title":"Contrasting effects of TNF and anti-TNF on the activation of effector T cells and regulatory T cells in autoimmunity.","volume":"585","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.145","article-title":"Therapy: Paradoxical effects of targeting TNF signalling in the treatment of autoimmunity.","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200635873","article-title":"Glucocorticoid amplifies IL-2-dependent expansion of functional FoxP3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells in vivo and enhances their capacity to suppress EAE.","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940022","article-title":"Co-expression of TNFR2 and CD25 identifies more of the functional CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human peripheral blood.","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.10.6467","article-title":"Cutting edge: expression of TNFR2 defines a maximally suppressive subset of mouse CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells: applicability to tumor-infiltrating T regulatory cells.","volume":"180","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-259564","article-title":"IKKalpha is required for the homeostasis of regulatory T cells and for the expansion of both regulatory and effector CD4 T cells.","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202659","article-title":"TNFR2 Is critical for the stabilization of the CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell phenotype in the inflammatory environment.","volume":"190","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.02.009","article-title":"Pharmaceutical therapy for osteoarthritis.","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.10.1133","article-title":"Efficacy of a novel PEGylated humanized anti-TNF fragment (CDP870) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a phase II double-blinded, randomized, dose-escalating trial.","volume":"41","author":"Choy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-189112000-00015","article-title":"II. Contribution to the Knowledge of Sarcoma.","volume":"14","author":"Coley","year":"1891","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.09.008","article-title":"Recent insights in the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases: improved prevalence estimates and understanding of clustering of diseases.","volume":"33","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8469-8","article-title":"A critical review of the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on the eye.","volume":"49","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"15","article-title":"COX-1 and COX-2 tissue expression: implications and predictions.","volume":"49","author":"Crofford","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol. Suppl."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21984","article-title":"Population-based assessment of adverse events associated with long-term glucocorticoid use.","volume":"55","author":"Curtis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"117","article-title":"Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal toxicity of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in man.","volume":"59","author":"Dajani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-016-0197-y","article-title":"Certolizumab pegol: a review in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.","volume":"30","author":"Deeks","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R203","article-title":"Mixed treatment comparison of the treatment discontinuations of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"46","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.110","article-title":"Biosimilars in rheumatology: current perspectives and lessons learnt.","volume":"11","author":"Dorner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209166","article-title":"The changing landscape of biosimilars in rheumatology.","volume":"75","author":"Dorner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.01.007","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and the consequences of its ablation in vivo.","volume":"47","author":"Efimov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6020013","article-title":"Mechanisms by which B cells and regulatory t cells influence development of murine organ-specific autoimmune diseases.","volume":"6","author":"Ellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61000-4","article-title":"Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial.","volume":"372","author":"Emery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.818531","article-title":"What do we know about the safety of corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"29","author":"Ethgen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119473","article-title":"Perspectives series: host\/pathogen interactions. Mechanisms of nitric oxide-related antimicrobial activity.","volume":"99","author":"Fang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3030","article-title":"TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases.","volume":"9","author":"Faustman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.08.026","article-title":"Methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the biologic era: still an \u201danchor\u201d drug?","volume":"13","author":"Favalli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.397","article-title":"Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"14","author":"Feldmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.08.006","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"42","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.04.006","article-title":"The biosimilar road in inflammatory bowel disease: the right way?","volume":"28","author":"Fiorino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.01.001","article-title":"Safety of biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases: focus on rituximab.","volume":"38","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10870","article-title":"Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (r-metHuIL-1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - A large, international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"48","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4777","article-title":"Mechanism of action for leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"93","author":"Fox","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-8-4-453","article-title":"Kinetics and dynamics of prednisolone.","volume":"8","author":"Frey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0771-8","article-title":"Adherence to the preventive strategies for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug- or low-dose aspirin-induced gastrointestinal injuries.","volume":"48","author":"Fujita","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200119070-00002","article-title":"A clinical and economic review of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.","volume":"19","author":"Gabriel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050524","article-title":"Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition.","volume":"353","author":"Genovese","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1039\/QJ8530500127","article-title":"X.\u2014Researches on the constitution of organic acids.","volume":"5","author":"Gerhardt","year":"1853","journal-title":"Q. J. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1039\/QJ8530500133","article-title":"XII.\u2014New formation of salicylic acid.","volume":"5","author":"Gerland","year":"1853","journal-title":"Q. J. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167757","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha drugs differently affect the TNFalpha-sTNFR system and monocyte subsets in patients with psoriasis.","volume":"11","author":"Gibellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689809101004","article-title":"The discovery and early use of cortisone.","volume":"91","author":"Glyn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00233","article-title":"TNFR2 expression on CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) T cells induced upon TCR stimulation of CD4 T cells identifies maximal cytokine-producing effectors.","volume":"4","author":"Govindaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90192-2","article-title":"The transmembrane form of tumor necrosis factor is the prime activating ligand of the 80 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor.","volume":"83","author":"Grell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27291","article-title":"Biological basis for the cardiovascular consequences of COX-2 inhibition: therapeutic challenges and opportunities.","volume":"116","author":"Grosser","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.10.007","article-title":"Induction of psoriasis with anti-TNF agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a report of 21 cases.","volume":"6","author":"Guerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01450953","article-title":"The early clinical history of salicylates in rheumatology and pain.","volume":"17","author":"Hedner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(24)00526-3","article-title":"The effect of a hormone of the adrenal cortex (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone; compound E) and of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone on rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"24","author":"Hench","year":"1949","journal-title":"Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01056.x","article-title":"Coxibs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"36","author":"Hermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"393","article-title":"Two years follow-up Cottbus reinfarction study with 30 and 60 mg acetylsalicylic acid.","volume":"242","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.134","article-title":"Biologic agents in rheumatology: unmet issues after 200 trials and $200 billion sales.","volume":"9","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei282","article-title":"Chloroquine inhibits production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes\/macrophages by different modes.","volume":"45","author":"Jang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B73","first-page":"1620","article-title":"Use of combination of leflunomide with biological agents in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"32","author":"Kalden","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5172","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.8.5172","article-title":"Cutting edge: immunosuppressant as adjuvant for tolerogenic immunization.","volume":"180","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B75","first-page":"486","article-title":"Combination of cyclosporine and leflunomide versus single therapy in severe rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"33","author":"Karanikolas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2012.633509","article-title":"Etanercept: efficacy and safety for approved indications.","volume":"11","author":"Kerensky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.27.1.64","article-title":"Amethopterin (methotrexate) in connective tissue disease-psoriasis and polyarthritis.","volume":"27","author":"Kersley","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23964","article-title":"Certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate is significantly more effective than placebo plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis findings of a fifty-two-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.","volume":"58","author":"Keystone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5484","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030268b","article-title":"Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel, highly potent metharyl and methcycloalkyl cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors.","volume":"46","author":"Khanapure","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21997","article-title":"Changes in use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis in the united states during 1983-2009.","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"123","article-title":"Review of ustekinumab, an interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 inhibitor used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.","volume":"6","author":"Koutruba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"B82","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Combination leflunomide and methotrexate (MTX) therapy for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis failing MTX monotherapy: open-label extension of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.","volume":"31","author":"Kremer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2015.05.010","article-title":"Anti-arthritic agents: progress and potential.","volume":"23","author":"Laev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320140270S103","article-title":"Adalimumab in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.","author":"Lapadula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3384","article-title":"Inflammatory networks underlying colorectal cancer.","volume":"17","author":"Lasry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-012-0311-3","article-title":"Novel targets for inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics.","volume":"15","author":"Lowenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780311012","article-title":"Treatment with gamma-interferon triggers the onset of collagen arthritis in mice.","volume":"31","author":"Mauritz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.1.5.9286","article-title":"Golimumab.","volume":"1","author":"Mazumdar","year":"2009","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38755","article-title":"Selective tumor necrosis factor receptor I blockade is antiinflammatory and reveals immunoregulatory role of tumor necrosis factor receptor II in collagen-induced arthritis.","volume":"66","author":"McCann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.13.94","article-title":"Current immunotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"5","author":"Meier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1240783","article-title":"Risk of infections using anti-TNF agents in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Minozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxu102","article-title":"Anti-TNF therapy: past, present and future.","volume":"27","author":"Monaco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00004","article-title":"Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial.","volume":"130","author":"Moreland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0065","article-title":"Cytokines in autoimmunity: role in induction, regulation, and treatment.","volume":"31","author":"Moudgil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.002251","article-title":"Renal toxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.","volume":"33","author":"Murray","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05006.x","article-title":"A single center experience of methotrexate in the treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis: a case for subcutaneous administration.","volume":"23","author":"Nathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04199.x","article-title":"Fifty years of experience with cortisone therapy in the study and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"966","author":"Neeck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151255","article-title":"Anti-TNF drives regulatory T cell expansion by paradoxically promoting membrane TNF-TNF-RII binding in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"213","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1056\/Nejm199605163342002","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications.","volume":"334","author":"ODell","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10228","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, or a combination of the three medications - Results of a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"46","author":"ODell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03153","article-title":"Homogeneous expansion of human T-regulatory cells via tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.","volume":"3","author":"Okubo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2147\/btt.s1828","article-title":"Review of tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"2","author":"Okuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"B103","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"30","author":"Osiri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1175","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha therapies: the next generation.","volume":"2","author":"Palladino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-013-0064-z","article-title":"Pegylation of biological molecules and potential benefits: pharmacological properties of certolizumab pegol.","author":"Pasut","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(03)00022-4","article-title":"Biological functions of tumor necrosis factor cytokines and their receptors.","volume":"14","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-5688-5_1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory drugs in the 21st century.","volume":"42","author":"Rainsford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_2.ii70","article-title":"Adalimumab (a fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: the initial results of five trials.","volume":"61","author":"Rau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11131-7","article-title":"COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of serious coronary heart disease.","volume":"360","author":"Ray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1056\/Nejmra050541","article-title":"Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids - New mechanisms for old drugs.","volume":"353","author":"Rhen","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200109)44:9<1977::AID-ART345>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Demyelinating and neurologic events reported in association with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonism: by what mechanisms could tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists improve rheumatoid arthritis but exacerbate multiple sclerosis?","volume":"44","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.63","article-title":"Loss of response to anti-TNFs: definition, epidemiology, and management.","volume":"7","author":"Roda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40462.x","article-title":"An open-label study of the human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody adalimumab in subjects with prior loss of response or intolerance to infliximab for Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"99","author":"Sandborn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.06.064","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of certolizumab pegol (CDP870) for treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"129","author":"Schreiber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0056","article-title":"Collagen-induced arthritis as an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis: focus on interferon-gamma.","volume":"31","author":"Schurgers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<495::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Treatment with leflunomide slows radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis: results from three randomized controlled trials of leflunomide in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group.","volume":"43","author":"Sharp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B117","first-page":"151","article-title":"Characterization of golimumab (CNTO 148), a novel fully human monoclonal antibody specific for human TNFalpha.","volume":"66","author":"Shealy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.12304","article-title":"Characterization of golimumab, a human monoclonal antibody specific for human tumor necrosis factor alpha.","volume":"2","author":"Shealy","year":"2010","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97.e4","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.037","article-title":"Cancer recurrence following immune-suppressive therapies in patients with immune-mediated diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"151","author":"Shelton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(82)90004-X","article-title":"The discovery of indomethacin and the proliferation of nsaids.","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.08.041","article-title":"The treatment of established murine collagen-induced arthritis with a TNFR1-selective antagonistic mutant TNF.","volume":"30","author":"Shibata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/030097401316909530","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind trial of anti-interferon-gamma antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"30","author":"Sigidin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041810","article-title":"Leflunomide or methotrexate for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"352","author":"Silverman","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.3.3","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase isozymes: the biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition.","volume":"56","author":"Simmons","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2004.04.005","article-title":"The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"18","author":"Simon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B126","first-page":"5","article-title":"Comparison of responses to and adverse effects of graded doses of sulfasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"16","author":"Skosey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol. Suppl."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.004","article-title":"Psoriasis and autoimmunity.","volume":"15","author":"Sticherling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B128","first-page":"473","article-title":"Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"58","author":"Swierkot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230720","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic disease: challenges and opportunities.","volume":"339","author":"Tabas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397111309010010","article-title":"The biological and clinical activity of anti-malarial drugs in autoimmune disorders.","volume":"9","author":"Taherian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rev."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.10.001","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review.","volume":"117","author":"Tracey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1997.tb02060.x","article-title":"Aspirin for the second hundred years: new uses for an old drug.","volume":"81","author":"Vainio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013052","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab as monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for whom previous disease modifying antirheumatic drug treatment has failed.","volume":"63","author":"van de Putte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60027-0","article-title":"Conventional combination treatment versus biological treatment in methotrexate-refractory early rheumatoid arthritis: 2 year follow-up of the randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group Swefot trial.","volume":"379","author":"van Vollenhoven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)89088-1","article-title":"Two tumour necrosis factor receptors: structure and function.","volume":"5","author":"Vandenabeele","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B136","first-page":"573","article-title":"The fight against rheumatism: from willow bark to COX-1 sparing drugs.","author":"Vane","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0905529","article-title":"Requirement of tumor necrosis factor at and nuclear factor-kappa B in the induction by IFN-gamma of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages.","volume":"81","author":"Vila-Del Sol","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092668","article-title":"Optimal dosage and route of administration of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"68","author":"Visser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI992","article-title":"Sulfasalazine: a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B.","volume":"101","author":"Wahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsymp.5650031","article-title":"Reactivation of latent tuberculosis by TNF blockade: the role of interferon gamma.","volume":"12","author":"Wallis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00169413","article-title":"Association of the TNF-alpha G-308A polymorphism with TNF-inhibitor response in sarcoidosis.","volume":"43","author":"Wijnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.09.006","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: clinical utility in autoimmune diseases.","volume":"165","author":"Willrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2015.1026894","article-title":"Systemic methotrexate for the treatment of psoriasis.","volume":"11","author":"Yelamos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-203090","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study to demonstrate equivalence in efficacy and safety of CT-P13 compared with innovator infliximab when coadministered with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: the PLANETRA study.","volume":"72","author":"Yoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4019","article-title":"Suppressive activity of human regulatory T cells is maintained in the presence of TNF.","volume":"22","author":"Zaragoza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270006298188","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of golimumab, a fully human anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00460\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T19:45:43Z","timestamp":1750535143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00460\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]]},"references-count":146,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2017.00460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00460","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]]},"article-number":"460"}}