{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:50:06Z","timestamp":1772769006023,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004048","name":"Kashan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T04:38:54Z","timestamp":1585888734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sadeghi Bimorgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdollah","family":"Omidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Sadat","family":"Ghoreishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Rezaei Ardani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Ghaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Banafshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Effectiveness of coping skills education program to reduce craving beliefs among addicts referred to addiction centers in Hamadan: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Ahmadpanah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian J. Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13453","article-title":"Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey","volume":"111","author":"Amin-Esmaeili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1392981","article-title":"Identifying risk factors for drug use in an Iranian treatment sample: A prediction approach using decision trees","volume":"53","author":"Amirabadizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.016","article-title":"Brain norepinephrine rediscovered in addiction research","volume":"63","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.15171\/jarcm.2016.020","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress disorders in elderly people residing in Khoy, Iran, (2014-2015)","volume":"4","author":"Babazadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anal. Res. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv066","article-title":"A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Targeted Prefrontal Cortex Modulation with Bilateral tDCS in Patients with Crack-Cocaine Dependence","volume":"18","author":"Batista","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8050081","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Promising Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"8","author":"Bennabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.011","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex modulation using transcranial DC stimulation reduces alcohol craving: a double-blind, sham-controlled study","volume":"92","author":"Boggio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Our society's response to the addictions","volume":"38","author":"Bromley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002","article-title":"Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): challenges and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Brunoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.03.026","article-title":"Cognitive control therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial","volume":"162","author":"Brunoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713001065","article-title":"Differential improvement in depressive symptoms for tDCS alone and combined with pharmacotherapy: an exploratory analysis from the Sertraline vs. Electrical Current Therapy for Treating Depression Clinical Study","volume":"17","author":"Brunoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.151","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and risk correlates of substance use disorder patients with primary depression","volume":"72","author":"Cohn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135371","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"10","author":"Cosmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2013.07.003","article-title":"Behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plasticity in alcohol dependence","volume":"107","author":"da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Paris)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282f32408","article-title":"Major depression and comorbid substance use disorders","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"82","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in patients with major depressive disorder in partial remission","volume":"8","author":"Dobson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Rehab."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.22038\/apjmt.2014.2905","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcohol abuse in Iran","volume":"3","author":"Eskandarieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pacific J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.03.015","article-title":"What do you feel if I apply transcranial electric stimulation? Safety, sensations and secondary induced effects","volume":"126","author":"Fertonani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.08.002","article-title":"A negative pilot study of daily bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.12.315","article-title":"Effect of targeted prefrontal cortex modulation with bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in reducing craving in patients with opioid dependence: a case controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.19082\/5354","article-title":"Gender differences in substance use patterns and disorders among an Iranian patient sample receiving methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"9","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. Physician"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2016.02.005","article-title":"Objective testing: urine and other drug tests","volume":"25","author":"Hadland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-016-0070-9","article-title":"Current Status of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Posttraumatic Stress and Other Anxiety Disorders","volume":"3","author":"Hampstead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Behav. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-015-0044-3","article-title":"Anhedonia and the brain reward circuitry in depression","volume":"2","author":"Heshmati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Behav. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2016.14.4.330","article-title":"Neuro-stimulation techniques for the management of anxiety disorders: an update","volume":"14","author":"Kar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01198","article-title":"Lack of Effects of Extended Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Craving and Relapses in Crack-Cocaine Users","volume":"9","author":"Klauss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-25","article-title":"Comorbid mental disorders in substance users from a single catchment area\u2013a clinical study","volume":"11","author":"Langas","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.03.005","article-title":"Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium","volume":"44","author":"Lievens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"PF Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Ed","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9393-5","article-title":"Efficacy of Invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Modulation Interventions for Addiction","volume":"29","author":"Luigjes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000580","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Craving in Substance Use Disorders: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"35","author":"Martinotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000220","article-title":"Utility of point of care urine drug tests in the treatment of primary care patients with drug use disorders","volume":"10","author":"McDonell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nihpa128505","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20081101-05","article-title":"Treatment of Co-occurring Depression and Substance Dependence: Using Meta-analysis to Guide Clinical Recommendations","volume":"38","author":"Nunes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Ann."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"36","article-title":"Validation of depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) for an iranian population","volume":"1","author":"Sahebi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Iran. Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21339","article-title":"Treatment of alcohol and other drug dependence","volume":"13","author":"Saitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.09.006","article-title":"Pathways in the relapse\u2013treatment\u2013recovery cycle over 3 years","volume":"28","author":"Scott","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.22122\/ahj.v10i3.613","article-title":"Modulation of Drug Craving in Crystalline-Heroin Users by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"10","author":"Sharifi-Fardshad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-019-0196-3","article-title":"Drug-induced prolonged corrected QT interval in patients with methadone and opium overdose","volume":"14","author":"Soroosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"316","article-title":"Effectiveness of narcotics anonymous training programs in personality characters in substance abuse patients","volume":"14","author":"Sotodeh Asl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Koomesh"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S195840","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Anxiety: Current Perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Stein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.9.10.350","article-title":"Differential effects of unihemispheric concurrent dual-site and conventional tDCS on motor learning: A randomized, sham-controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Talimkhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000568","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Opium Craving, Depression, and Anxiety: A Preliminary Study","volume":"35","author":"Taremian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.04.001","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation of the frontal-parietal-temporal area attenuates cue-induced craving for heroin","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-019-0784-x","article-title":"Association of derived patterns of musculoskeletal disorders with psychological problems: a latent class analysis","volume":"24","author":"Yazdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/jmb-5974","article-title":"Evaluation of Common Adulterants in Morphine Urine Drug Screening","volume":"1","author":"Zare","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00401\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T04:39:02Z","timestamp":1585888742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00401\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2020.00401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00401","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"article-number":"401"}}