{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:28:44Z","timestamp":1779233324361,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>It\u2019s well known that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) exerts a critical role in the regulator of immune cells and is associated with T cells dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antigen-induced T-cell proliferation via mTORC1 suppressed by Rapamycin has been used to improve SLE primarily. Previously it has showed that INK128, a highly potent, specific orally inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2, significantly attenuates SLE in pristine-induced lupus mice. Herein we compared the cure effects of INK128 and rapamycin on lupus mice. We treated MRL\/lpr mice with INK128 or rapamycin at 12 weeks-age. The effect of the two inhibitors on the lupus mice was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effect of the two inhibitors on T cell populations was investigated by flow cytometry. The mTOR signaling was measured by Western Blot. INK128 remarkably alleviated SLE by reducing splenomegaly, renal inflammation and damage, and resuming T-cell dysfunction. The more effective of INK128 on SLE than rapamycin. INK128 effectively suppressed mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity in T cells, but rapamycin just suppressed mTORC1 activity. Thus, our results show that INK128 is can effectively alleviate SLE and be used as one of the potential clinical therapeutic candidates for SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.579298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T16:18:02Z","timestamp":1610641082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Regulating T Cell Population Alleviates SLE by Inhibiting mTORC1\/C2 in MRL\/lpr Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dongya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjian","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1159\/000484955","article-title":"Chloroquine autophagic inhibition rebalances Th17\/treg-mediated immunity and ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"44","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. 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