{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1788868914681,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Few data are available on the clinical impact of drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs). Most of the studies are limited to the analysis of exposure to potential DDI or the targeted impact of the combination of a few drugs or therapeutic classes. The analysis of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports could be a mean to study generally the adverse effects identified due to a DDI. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of ADRs resulting from DDIs reported to the French Pharmacovigilance system and to identify the drugs most often implicated in these ADRs. Considering all ADR reports from January 01, 2012, to December 31, 2016, we identified all cases of ADR resulting from a DDI (DDI-ADRs). We then described these in terms of patients\u2019 characteristics, ADR seriousness, drugs involved (two or more per case), and ADR type. Of the 4,027 reports relating to DDI-ADRs, 3,303 were related to serious ADRs. Patients with serious DDI-ADRs had a median age of 76\u00a0years (interquartile range: 63\u201384); 53% were male. Of all serious DDI-ADRs, 11% were life-threatening and 8% fatal. In 36% of cases, the DDI causing the ADR involved at least three drugs. Overall, 8,424 different drugs were mentioned in the 3,303 serious DDI-ADRs considered. Altogether, drugs from the \u201cantithrombotic agents\u201d subgroup were incriminated in 34% of serious DDI-ADRs. Antidepressants were the second most represented therapeutic\/pharmacological subgroup (5% of serious DDI-ADRs). Among the 3,843 ADR types reported in the 3,303 serious DDI-ADRs considered, the most frequently represented were hemorrhage (40% clinical hemorrhage; 6% biological hemorrhage), renal failure (8%), pharmacokinetic alteration (5%), and cardiac arrhythmias (4%). Hemorrhagic accidents are still an important part of serious ADRs resulting from DDIs reported in France. The other clinical consequences of DDIs seem less well identified by pharmacovigilance. Moreover, more than one-third of serious DDI-ADRs involved at least three drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.624562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T05:38:57Z","timestamp":1616564337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spontaneous Reports of Serious Adverse Drug Reactions Resulting From Drug\u2013Drug Interactions: An Analysis From the French Pharmacovigilance Database"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Louis","family":"Le\u0301tinier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Marceron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Babin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe\u0308lle","family":"Micallef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Miremont-Salame\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Pariente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200825020-00006","article-title":"Increasing exposure to drug-drug interactions between 1992 and 2005 in people aged \u226555\u00a0years","volume":"25","author":"Becker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs & Aging"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12088","article-title":"The EMIR Study Group on behalf of the French network of pharmacovigilance centresIncidence of hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions in France: the EMIR study","volume":"29","author":"B\u00e9nard-Laribi\u00e8re","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fundam. 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