{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:23:58Z","timestamp":1792034638506,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has become widely accepted that inflammation is a driving force behind a variety of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. However, the existing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs show a limited utility in clinical patients. Therefore, the novel agents with different inflammation-inhibitory mechanisms are worth pursuing. Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, has a history of more than 50\u00a0years of clinical experience in treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Intense research efforts have been dedicated to proving metformin\u2019s inflammation-inhibitory effects in cells, animal models, patient records, and randomized clinical trials. The emerging evidence also indicates its therapeutic potential in clinical domains other than type 2 diabetes. Herein, this article appraises current pre-clinical and clinical findings, emphasizing metformin\u2019s anti-inflammatory properties under individual pathophysiological scenarios. In summary, the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin are evident in pre-clinical models. By comparison, there are still clinical perplexities to be addressed in repurposing metformin to inflammation-driven chronic diseases. Future randomized controlled trials, incorporating better stratification\/targeting, would establish metformin\u2019s utility in this clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.622262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T11:16:28Z","timestamp":1611918988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Metformin: A Novel Weapon Against Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10908","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3434","article-title":"Metformin prevents aggressive ovarian cancer growth driven by high-energy diet: similarity with calorie restriction","volume":"6","author":"Al-Wahab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0579-5","article-title":"Risk of acute kidney injury and survival in patients treated with Metformin: an observational cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.015","article-title":"Metformin enhances autophagy and normalizes mitochondrial function to alleviate aging-associated inflammation","volume":"32","author":"Bharath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metabol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0188","article-title":"Effect of exercise or metformin on biomarkers of inflammation in breast and colorectal cancer: a randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canc. 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