{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:53:46Z","timestamp":1790358826086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A genuine and functional lymphatic vascular system is found in the meninges that sheath the central nervous system (CNS). This unexpected (re)discovery led to a reevaluation of CNS fluid and solute drainage mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions and the involvement of meningeal lymphatics in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the development, morphology and unique functional features of meningeal lymphatics. An outline of the different factors that affect meningeal lymphatic function, such as growth factor signaling and aging, and their impact on the continuous drainage of brain-derived molecules and meningeal immune cells into the cervical lymph nodes is also provided. We also highlight the most recent discoveries about the roles of the CNS-draining lymphatic vasculature in different pathologies that have a strong neuroinflammatory component, including brain trauma, tumors, and aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s. Lastly, we provide a critical appraisal of the conundrums, challenges and exciting questions involving the meningeal lymphatic system that ought to be investigated in years to come.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.655052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T03:31:46Z","timestamp":1619580706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["CNS-Draining Meningeal Lymphatic Vasculature: Roles, Conundrums and Future Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sofia Pereira","family":"das Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickoleta","family":"Delivanoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Da Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29738","article-title":"Human and Nonhuman Primate Meninges Harbor Lymphatic Vessels that Can Be Visualized Noninvasively by MRI","volume":"6","author":"Absinta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.548","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Is a Ligand for the Tyrosine Kinases VEGF Receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF Receptor 3 (Flt4)","volume":"95","author":"Achen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5","article-title":"Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels at the Skull Base Drain Cerebrospinal Fluid","volume":"572","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00427-6","article-title":"Relationships of Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Inflammation, and the Gut Barrier in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"16","author":"Aho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0100-x","article-title":"Single-cell Mass Cytometry Reveals Distinct Populations of Brain Myeloid Cells in Mouse Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Models","volume":"21","author":"Ajami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.484","article-title":"Mutations in CCBE1 Cause Generalized Lymph Vessel Dysplasia in Humans","volume":"41","author":"Alders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102319-103410","article-title":"Meningeal Immunity and its Function in Maintenance of the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease","volume":"38","author":"Alves de Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00309843","article-title":"Nerve Fibres and Their Terminals of the Dura Mater Encephali of the Rat","volume":"175","author":"Andres","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170391","article-title":"Development and Plasticity of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"214","author":"Antila","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A Dural Lymphatic Vascular System that Drains Brain Interstitial Fluid and Macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902510209","article-title":"Avenues for Entry of Peripherally Administered Protein to the Central Nervous System in Mouse, Rat, and Squirrel Monkey","volume":"251","author":"Balin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03043","article-title":"Lymph Flow Induces the Postnatal Formation of Mature and Functional Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"10","author":"B\u00e1lint","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.144.4.789","article-title":"LYVE-1, a New Homologue of the CD44 Glycoprotein, Is a Lymph-specific Receptor for Hyaluronan","volume":"144","author":"Banerji","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cel Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211270110","article-title":"CNS-specific Immunity at the Choroid Plexus Shifts toward Destructive Th2 Inflammation in Brain Aging","volume":"110","author":"Baruch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753","article-title":"Clinical and Biomarker Changes in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"367","author":"Bateman","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1110-6","article-title":"Flow Control in Our Vessels: Vascular Valves Make Sure There Is No Way Back","volume":"70","author":"Bazigou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0810-7","article-title":"Increased Soluble Amyloid-Beta Causes Early Aberrant Brain Network Hypersynchronisation in a Mature-Onset Mouse Model of Amyloidosis","volume":"7","author":"Ben-Nejma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0173(03)00143-7","article-title":"The Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System: Modulation of Behavioral State and State-dependent Cognitive Processes","volume":"42","author":"Berridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99027","article-title":"Atypical Cadherin FAT4 Orchestrates Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Polarity in Response to Flow","volume":"130","author":"Betterman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18113-4","article-title":"Meningeal Lymphatic Dysfunction Exacerbates Traumatic Brain Injury Pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Bolte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1996.tb01111.x","article-title":"Drainage of CSF through Lymphatic Pathways and Arachnoid Villi in Sheep: Measurement Of125l-Albumin Clearance","volume":"22","author":"Boulton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4558","article-title":"Mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Regulate Meningeal Angiogenesis in the Zebrafish","volume":"20","author":"Bower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013129","article-title":"The Role of the Lymphatic System in Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Aqueous Humour","volume":"299","author":"Bradbury","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F329","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1981.240.4.F329","article-title":"Drainage of Cerebral Interstitial Fluid into Deep Cervical Lymph of the Rabbit","volume":"240","author":"Bradbury","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014731","article-title":"Factors Influencing Exit of Substances from Cerebrospinal Fluid into Deep Cervical Lymph of the Rabbit","volume":"339","author":"Bradbury","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65285-6","article-title":"Angiosarcomas Express Mixed Endothelial Phenotypes of Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries","volume":"154","author":"Breiteneder-Geleff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"153","article-title":"The Connexions of the Spinal Sub-arachnoid Space with the Lymphatic System","volume":"82","author":"Brierley","year":"1948","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71614","article-title":"Genetics of Lymphatic Anomalies","volume":"124","author":"Brouillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx297","article-title":"Loss of ADAMTS3 Activity Causes Hennekam Lymphangiectasia-Lymphedema Syndrome 3","volume":"26","author":"Brouillard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7559","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1468-19.2020","article-title":"Transgenic Mice Expressing Human \u03b1-Synuclein in Noradrenergic Neurons Develop Locus Ceruleus Pathology and Nonmotor Features of Parkinson's Disease","volume":"40","author":"Butkovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0301-3","article-title":"Panoptic Imaging of Transparent Mice Reveals Whole-Body Neuronal Projections and Skull-Meninges Connections","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.09.049","article-title":"Complementary Wnt Sources Regulate Lymphatic Vascular Development via PROX1-dependent Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling","volume":"25","author":"Cha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cel Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.014","article-title":"Can the Gut Be the Missing Piece in Uncovering PD Pathogenesis?","volume":"59","author":"Chapelet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.03.022","article-title":"Cerebrovascular Injuries Induce Lymphatic Invasion into Brain Parenchyma to Guide Vascular Regeneration in Zebrafish","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Develop. Cel"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16851-z","article-title":"Meningeal Lymphatics Clear Erythrocytes that Arise from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.012","article-title":"Brain Endothelial Cells Are Exquisite Sensors of Age-Related Circulatory Cues","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Cel Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181cbf825","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of Oral Fingolimod (FTY720) in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039558","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 Directly Interacts with Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to Regulate Lymphangiogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Coso","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.2960","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate Mediates Migration of Mature Dendritic Cells","volume":"175","author":"Czeloth","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.022","article-title":"The Meningeal Lymphatic System: A New Player in Neurophysiology","volume":"100","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","article-title":"Functional Aspects of Meningeal Lymphatics in Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"560","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.01.004","article-title":"The Control of Vascular Integrity by Endothelial Cell Junctions: Molecular Basis and Pathological Implications","volume":"16","author":"Dejana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Develop. Cel."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63034","article-title":"Endothelial ERK Signaling Controls Lymphatic Fate Specification","volume":"123","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01198-1","article-title":"Impaired Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1362-5","article-title":"Single-cell Analysis Reveals T Cell Infiltration in Old Neurogenic Niches","volume":"571","author":"Dulken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302452","article-title":"Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Signaling Negatively Modulates Lymphatic Development in Vertebrate Embryos","volume":"114","author":"Dunworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25666-4","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provides Evidence of Glymphatic Drainage from Human Brain to Cervical Lymph Nodes","volume":"8","author":"Eide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.3.0466","article-title":"Ultrastructural Morphology of the Olfactory Pathway for Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in the Rabbit","volume":"64","author":"Erlich","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-111315-124944","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis: Origin, Specification, and Cell Fate Determination","volume":"32","author":"Escobedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cel Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13324-w","article-title":"Brain-to-cervical Lymph Node Signaling after Stroke","volume":"10","author":"Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1086\/316915","article-title":"Mutations in FOXC2 (MFH-1), a Forkhead Family Transcription Factor, Are Responsible for the Hereditary Lymphedema-Distichiasis Syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Fang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0230450100","article-title":"Insulin-degrading Enzyme Regulates the Levels of Insulin, Amyloid -protein, and the -amyloid Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain In Vivo","volume":"100","author":"Farris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2297","article-title":"CCR7 and its Ligands: Balancing Immunity and Tolerance","volume":"8","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07391","article-title":"Sox18 Induces Development of the Lymphatic Vasculature in Mice","volume":"456","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.18","article-title":"Altered Kv2.1 Functioning Promotes Increased Excitability in Hippocampal Neurons of an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model","volume":"7","author":"Frazzini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4648","article-title":"Swift Entry of Myelin-specific T Lymphocytes into the Central Nervous System in Spontaneous Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"181","author":"Furtado","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.29.289","article-title":"Topographic Study on Nerve-Associated Lymphatic Vessels in the Murine Craniofacial Region by Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy","volume":"29","author":"Furukawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","article-title":"Clonally Expanded CD8 T Cells Patrol the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"577","author":"Gate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000249431.04116.a8","article-title":"D2-40 Expression Demonstrates Lymphatic Vessel Characteristics in the Dural Portion of the Optic Nerve Sheath","volume":"23","author":"Gausas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00682-7","article-title":"Neuronal \u03b1-Synucleinopathy with Severe Movement Disorder in Mice Expressing A53T Human \u03b1-Synuclein","volume":"34","author":"Giasson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.004886","article-title":"In vivo label-free Lymphangiography of Cutaneous Lymphatic Vessels in Human Burn Scars Using Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"7","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638808402796","article-title":"Longitudinal Study of the Early Neuropsychological and Cerebral Metabolic Changes in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type","volume":"10","author":"Grady","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010100370","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and -C Protein Up-Regulation and Early Angiogenesis in a Rat Photothrombotic Ring Stroke Model with Spontaneous Reperfusion","volume":"102","author":"Gu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.258","article-title":"A Chemokine Expressed in Lymphoid High Endothelial Venules Promotes the Adhesion and Chemotaxis of Naive T Lymphocytes","volume":"95","author":"Gunn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577584","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.577584","article-title":"Cellular Origins of the Lymphatic Endothelium: Implications for Cancer Lymphangiogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Gutierrez-Miranda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2","article-title":"Circadian Control of Brain Glymphatic and Lymphatic Fluid Flow","volume":"11","author":"Hablitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1642","article-title":"Lymphatic Vascular Defects Promoted by Prox1 Haploinsufficiency Cause Adult-Onset Obesity","volume":"37","author":"Harvey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520400045018","article-title":"Spatial Disorientation in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"46","author":"Henderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15078","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.610931","article-title":"Sequential Amyloid-\u03b2 Degradation by the Matrix Metalloproteases MMP-2 and MMP-9","volume":"290","author":"Hernandez-Guillamon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2546","article-title":"The Sleep-Wake Cycle Regulates Brain Interstitial Fluid Tau in Mice and CSF Tau in Humans","volume":"363","author":"Holth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22289","article-title":"Prox1 Identifies Proliferating Neuroblasts and Nascent Neurons during Neurogenesis in Sympathetic Ganglia","volume":"75","author":"Holzmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Devel Neurobio"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15861","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3272-11.2011","article-title":"Dynamic Analysis of Amyloid -Protein in Behaving Mice Reveals Opposing Changes in ISF versus Parenchymal A during Age-Related Plaque Formation","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08163-0","article-title":"Neuroinflammation-induced Lymphangiogenesis Near the Cribriform Plate Contributes to Drainage of CNS-Derived Antigens and Immune Cells","volume":"10","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.036","article-title":"Enhanced Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Rats","volume":"160","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0287-8","article-title":"Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels Regulate Brain Tumor Drainage and Immunity","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-316356","article-title":"An Important Role of Lymphatic Vessel Activation in Limiting Acute Inflammation","volume":"117","author":"Huggenberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.025353","article-title":"Phospholipase C 2 Is Necessary for Separation of Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature in Mice","volume":"136","author":"Ichise","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150521","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150521","article-title":"Phospholipase C\u03b32 Is Required for Luminal Expansion of the Epididymal Duct during Postnatal Development in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Ichise","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67677","article-title":"Brain-wide Pathway for Waste Clearance Captured by Contrast-Enhanced MRI","volume":"123","author":"Iliff","year":"","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Translational Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013","article-title":"Cerebral Arterial Pulsation Drives Paravascular CSF-Interstitial Fluid Exchange in the Murine Brain","volume":"33","author":"Iliff","year":"","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1086\/375614","article-title":"Mutations in the Transcription Factor Gene SOX18 Underlie Recessive and Dominant Forms of Hypotrichosis-Lymphedema-Telangiectasia","volume":"72","author":"Irrthum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1086\/303019","article-title":"Congenital Hereditary Lymphedema Caused by a Mutation that Inactivates VEGFR3 Tyrosine Kinase","volume":"67","author":"Irrthum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2967","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 and tau - a toxic pas de deux in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Ittner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24624","article-title":"Postnatal Development of Lymphatic Vasculature in the Brain Meninges","volume":"247","author":"Izen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030572","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles from Hyperammonemic Rats Induce Neuroinflammation and Motor Incoordination in Control Rats","volume":"9","author":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12568-w","article-title":"Anatomy and Function of the Vertebral Column Lymphatic Network in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Jacob","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh019","article-title":"Mutant Presenilins Specifically Elevate the Levels of the 42 Residue \u03b2-amyloid Peptide In Vivo: Evidence for Augmentation of a 42-specific \u03b3 Secretase","volume":"13","author":"Jankowsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1581-6","article-title":"The Glymphatic System: A Beginner's Guide","volume":"40","author":"Jessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90673-7","article-title":"Protein Chemical and Immunocytochemical Studies of Meningovascular \u03b2-amyloid Protein in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging","volume":"474","author":"Joachim","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.04.006","article-title":"Microglial Phenotypes in Parkinson's Disease and Animal Models of the Disease","volume":"155","author":"Joers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0498-0","article-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Recovery Mechanisms: Peptide Modulation of Periventricular Neurogenic Regions by the Choroid Plexus-CSF Nexus","volume":"118","author":"Johanson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051759","article-title":"An Inflammation-Induced Mechanism for Leukocyte Transmigration across Lymphatic Vessel Endothelium","volume":"203","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-6-552","article-title":"An Approach to Familial Lymphoedema","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9427-3","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2-Induced Astrocytic Phagocytosis Is Mediated by CD36, CD47 and RAGE","volume":"8","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06031-3","article-title":"Development and Characterization of A Novel Prox1-EGFP Lymphatic and Schlemm's Canal Reporter Rat","volume":"7","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180653","article-title":"Microglial Translational Profiling Reveals a Convergent APOE Pathway from Aging, Amyloid, and Tau","volume":"215","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78888","article-title":"GATA2 Is Required for Lymphatic Vessel Valve Development and Maintenance","volume":"125","author":"Kazenwadel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-374363","article-title":"Loss-of-function Germline GATA2 Mutations in Patients with MDS\/AML or MonoMAC Syndrome and Primary Lymphedema Reveal a Key Role for GATA2 in the Lymphatic Vasculature","volume":"119","author":"Kazenwadel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","article-title":"A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"169","author":"Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00476.x","article-title":"CSF Drains Directly from the Subarachnoid Space into Nasal Lymphatics in the Rat. Anatomy, Histology and Immunological Significance","volume":"19","author":"Kida","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199912000-00002","article-title":"Lymphatic Capillaries in the Meninges of the Human Optic Nerve","volume":"19","author":"Killer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1522-2586(200004)11:4<438::aid-jmri12>3.0.co;2-o","article-title":"Detection of a Relation between Respiration and CSF Pulsation with an Echoplanar Technique","volume":"11","author":"Klose","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14483","article-title":"Cardiac Lymphatics Are Heterogeneous in Origin and Respond to Injury","volume":"522","author":"Klotz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200111000-00008","article-title":"The Diagnostic Value of EEG in Alzheimer Disease","volume":"18","author":"Kowalski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24271","article-title":"Impairment of Paravascular Clearance Pathways in the Aging Brain","volume":"76","author":"Kress","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/jmicro\/dfaa038","article-title":"Identification of Lymphatic Endothelium in Cranial Arachnoid Granulation-like Dural Gap","volume":"69","author":"Kutomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microscopy (Oxf)"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190013","article-title":"Impaired Peripheral Lymphatic Function and Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"69","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jad"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815645-2.00002-2","article-title":"Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Lymphatics: Embryological Aspect","volume-title":"Lymphatic Structure and Function in Health and Disease","author":"Lee","year":"2020"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1625-15.2015","article-title":"The Effect of Body Posture on Brain Glymphatic Transport","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-145789","article-title":"Prox1 Physically and Functionally Interacts with COUP-TFII to Specify Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Fate","volume":"113","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15626-w","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein-specific T Cell Reactivity Is Associated with Preclinical and Early Parkinson's Disease","volume":"11","author":"Lindestam Arlehamn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.12.006","article-title":"A Second Heart Field-Derived Vasculogenic Niche Contributes to Cardiac Lymphatics","volume":"52","author":"Lioux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Develop. Cel."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108524","article-title":"Direct Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Production in Mice","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Cel Rep."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30827","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Murine Cirrhosis Is Dependent on the Gut Microbiome and Is Attenuated by Fecal Transplant","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-0888-y","article-title":"Subdural Haematomas Drain into the Extracranial Lymphatic System through the Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev165092","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.165092","article-title":"Rasip1 Controls Lymphatic Vessel Lumen Maintenance by Regulating Endothelial Cell Junctions","volume":"145","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.12.012","article-title":"VEGFs and Receptors Involved in Angiogenesis versus Lymphangiogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Lohela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cel Biol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.08.027","article-title":"Lymphatics in Neurological Disorders: A Neuro-Lympho-Vascular Component of Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease?","volume":"91","author":"Louveau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0227-9","article-title":"CNS Lymphatic Drainage and Neuroinflammation Are Regulated by Meningeal Lymphatic Vasculature","volume":"21","author":"Louveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and Functional Features of Central Nervous System Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0575-8","article-title":"The Natural History of Extracranial Metastasis from Glioblastoma Multiforme","volume":"105","author":"Lun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190351","article-title":"Clearance of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Sacral Spine through Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"216","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01484-6","article-title":"Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Predominantly through Lymphatic Vessels and Is Reduced in Aged Mice","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1916-x","article-title":"Rapid Lymphatic Efflux Limits Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow to the Brain","volume":"137","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51373-9","article-title":"Lymphatic Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Reduced in Glioma","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.11.002","article-title":"The Left-Right Pitx2 Pathway Drives Organ-specific Arterial and Lymphatic Development in the Intestine","volume":"31","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Develop. Cel."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/84651","article-title":"Inhibition of Lymphangiogenesis with Resulting Lymphedema in Transgenic Mice Expressing Soluble VEGF Receptor-3","volume":"7","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2735","article-title":"NFAT Proteins: Emerging Roles in Cancer Progression","volume":"9","author":"Mancini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.4.672","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C-Mediated Lymphangiogenesis Promotes Tumour Metastasis","volume":"20","author":"Mandriota","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.306170","article-title":"Nonvenous Origin of Dermal Lymphatic Vasculature","volume":"116","author":"Martinez-Corral","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.05.002","article-title":"Isl1-expressing Non-venous Cell Lineage Contributes to Cardiac Lymphatic Vessel Development","volume":"452","author":"Maruyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Develop. Biol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.40.3_part_1.500","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Production Is Reduced in Healthy Aging","volume":"40","author":"May","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72031-5","article-title":"In vivo assessment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Efflux to Nasal Mucosa in Humans","volume":"10","author":"Melin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.61.277","article-title":"Lymphatic Drainage of the Cerebrospinal Fluid from Monkey Spinal Meninges with Special Reference to the Distribution of the Epidural Lymphatics","volume":"61","author":"Miura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Histology Cytol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1357-1","article-title":"A Survey of Metastatic Central Nervous System Tumors to Cervical Lymph Nodes","volume":"267","author":"Mondin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.002","article-title":"Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Are Essential Components of the Subcapsular Sinus Macrophage Niche","volume":"50","author":"Mondor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.02.014","article-title":"High-dimensional Single-Cell Mapping of Central Nervous System Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Myeloid Subsets in Health, Aging, and Disease","volume":"48","author":"Mrdjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04050.2000","article-title":"High-Level Neuronal Expression of A\u03b21-42in Wild-type Human Amyloid Protein Precursor Transgenic Mice: Synaptotoxicity without Plaque Formation","volume":"20","author":"Mucke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1362-4","article-title":"Single-cell Profiling of Human Gliomas Reveals Macrophage Ontogeny as a Basis for Regional Differences in Macrophage Activation in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12644","article-title":"Scholars and Scientists in the History of the Lymphatic System","volume":"231","author":"Natale","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14425","article-title":"Lymphatic Vessels Arise from Specialized Angioblasts within a Venous Niche","volume":"522","author":"Nicenboim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200901104","article-title":"FOXC2 Controls Formation and Maturation of Lymphatic Collecting Vessels through Cooperation with NFATc1","volume":"185","author":"Norrm\u00e9n","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cel Biol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8639","article-title":"VEGF and VEGF-C: Specific Induction of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in the Differentiated Avian Chorioallantoic Membrane","volume":"188","author":"Oh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Develop. Biol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.039","article-title":"The Lymphatic Vasculature in the 21st Century: Novel Functional Roles in Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"182","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.05.008","article-title":"Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Control Initiation of Lymph Node Organogenesis","volume":"47","author":"Onder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.025","article-title":"Aberrant Excitatory Neuronal Activity and Compensatory Remodeling of Inhibitory Hippocampal Circuits in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"55","author":"Palop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.07.012","article-title":"Evidence for Lymphatic A\u03b2 Clearance in Alzheimer's Transgenic Mice","volume":"71","author":"Pappolla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155412462975","article-title":"Upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 in the Spinal Cord of Lewis Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"61","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0312-x","article-title":"Dural Lymphatics Regulate Clearance of Extracellular Tau from the CNS","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax4063","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax4063","article-title":"Biological Functions of Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"369","author":"Petrova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171868","article-title":"Organ-specific Lymphatic Vasculature: From Development to Pathophysiology","volume":"215","author":"Petrova","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01133.x","article-title":"Filariasis and Lymphoedema","volume":"31","author":"Pfarr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838140","article-title":"Distinct Molecular Composition of Blood and Lymphatic Vascular Endothelial Cell Junctions Establishes Specific Functional Barriers within the Peripheral Lymph Node","volume":"38","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.004","article-title":"Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"22","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091619","article-title":"Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Sphingosine Kinase Activity Is Required for Lymphocyte Egress and Lymphatic Patterning","volume":"207","author":"Pham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev160184","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.160184","article-title":"A Blood Capillary Plexus-Derived Population of Progenitor Cells Contributes to Genesis of the Dermal Lymphatic Vasculature during Embryonic Development","volume":"145","author":"Pichol-Thievend","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14656","article-title":"Acute Inflammation Down-Regulates Alpha-Synuclein Expression in Enteric Neurons","volume":"148","author":"Prigent","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2019.28.1.104","article-title":"Persistent Malfunction of Glymphatic and Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage in a Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","volume":"28","author":"Pu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32730","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.49.32730","article-title":"Insulin-degrading Enzyme Regulates Extracellular Levels of Amyloid \u03b2-Protein by Degradation","volume":"273","author":"Qiu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.07.001","article-title":"How Do Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels Drain the CNS?","volume":"39","author":"Raper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosciences"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4072","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000568","article-title":"The Origin and Maturity of Dendritic Cells Determine the Pattern of Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptors Expressed and Required for Efficient Migration","volume":"185","author":"Rathinasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91383-6","article-title":"Evidence for a 'paravascular' Fluid Circulation in the Mammalian Central Nervous System, provided by the Rapid Distribution of Tracer Protein throughout the Brain from the Subarachnoid Space","volume":"326","author":"Rennels","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14195-x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Tracer Efflux to Parasagittal Dura in Humans","volume":"11","author":"Ringstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx191","article-title":"Glymphatic MRI in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus","volume":"140","author":"Ringstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00727-0","article-title":"Lymphedema","volume":"110","author":"Rockson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150ra122","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004291","article-title":"Disruption of the Sleep-Wake Cycle and Diurnal Fluctuation of -Amyloid in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease Pathology","volume":"4","author":"Roh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Translational Med."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional Characterization of the Dural Sinuses as a Neuroimmune Interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.12.020","article-title":"Mechanotransduction, PROX1, and FOXC2 Cooperate to Control Connexin37 and Calcineurin during Lymphatic-Valve Formation","volume":"22","author":"Sabine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Develop. Cel."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80454","article-title":"FOXC2 and Fluid Shear Stress Stabilize Postnatal Lymphatic Vasculature","volume":"125","author":"Sabine","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0417-3","article-title":"A (Delayed) History of the Brain Lymphatic System","volume":"25","author":"Sandrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2499-y","article-title":"Ageing Hallmarks Exhibit Organ-specific Temporal Signatures","volume":"583","author":"Schaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00308","article-title":"Inflammation and Lymphatic Function","volume":"10","author":"Schwager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.07.007","article-title":"Syk and Slp-76 Mutant Mice Reveal a Cell-Autonomous Hematopoietic Cell Contribution to Vascular Development","volume":"11","author":"Sebzda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Develop. Cel."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.12.121719","article-title":"Application of Optical Coherence Tomography for In Vivo Monitoring of the Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels during Opening of Blood-Brain Barrier: Mechanisms of Brain Clearing","volume":"22","author":"Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1984-7","article-title":"Discriminating \u03b1-synuclein Strains in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy","volume":"578","author":"Shahnawaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0051-1","article-title":"Interplay between Innate Immunity and Alzheimer Disease: APOE and TREM2 in the Spotlight","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-03036-4","article-title":"Incidence of Initial Spinal Metastasis in Glioblastoma Patients and the Importance of Spinal Screening Using MRI","volume":"141","author":"Shibahara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10498","article-title":"Clearance of Alzheimer's Amyloid-\u03b21-40 Peptide from Brain by LDL Receptor-Related Protein-1 at the Blood-Brain Barrier","volume":"106","author":"Shibata","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02091-z","article-title":"Structural and Functional Conservation of Non-lumenized Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Mammalian Leptomeninges","volume":"139","author":"Shibata-Germanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B181","first-page":"258","article-title":"Effects of Cervical-Lymphatic Blockade on Brain Edema and Infarction Volume in Cerebral Ischemic Rats","volume":"49","author":"Si","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1712","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.6.R1712","article-title":"Relationship between Intracranial Pressure and Cervical Lymphatic Pressure and Flow Rates in Sheep","volume":"277","author":"Silver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory, Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181f46e25","article-title":"Amyloid Efflux Transporter Expression at the Blood-Brain Barrier Declines in Normal Aging","volume":"69","author":"Silverberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1912-x","article-title":"VEGF-C-driven Lymphatic Drainage Enables Immunosurveillance of Brain Tumours","volume":"577","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.02.026","article-title":"cKit Lineage Hemogenic Endothelium-Derived Cells Contribute to Mesenteric Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"10","author":"Stanczuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cel Rep."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.08.014","article-title":"Virtues and Pitfalls of EAE for the Development of Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Steinman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.04.034","article-title":"Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium","volume":"50","author":"Stone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Develop. Cel"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815","article-title":"T Cells from Patients with Parkinson's Disease Recognize \u03b1-synuclein Peptides","volume":"546","author":"Sulzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0356-2_10","article-title":"Blocking Cerebral Lymphatic Drainage Deteriorates Cerebral Oxidative Injury in Rats with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","volume":"110","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl."},{"key":"B190","first-page":"227","article-title":"Effects of Blockade of Cerebral Lymphatic Drainage on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Edema after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0234-x","article-title":"The Role of Brain Vasculature in Neurodegenerative Disorders","volume":"21","author":"Sweeney","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.188","article-title":"Blood-brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders","volume":"14","author":"Sweeney","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79386","article-title":"Lymph Flow Regulates Collecting Lymphatic Vessel Maturation In Vivo","volume":"125","author":"Sweet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F835","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1984.246.6.F835","article-title":"Drainage of Interstitial Fluid from Different Regions of Rat Brain","volume":"246","author":"Szentistvanyi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.045","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Promise","volume":"140","author":"Tammela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-017-0617-z","article-title":"Evaluation of Glymphatic System Activity with the Diffusion MR Technique: Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) in Alzheimer's Disease Cases","volume":"35","author":"Taoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Radiol."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.078","article-title":"T Cell Migration from Inflamed Skin to Draining Lymph Nodes Requires Intralymphatic Crawling Supported by ICAM-1\/LFA-1 Interactions","volume":"18","author":"Teijeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cel Rep."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300410","article-title":"Physical Basis of Cognitive Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: Synapse Loss Is the Major Correlate of Cognitive Impairment","volume":"30","author":"Terry","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1335","article-title":"Fibrillar Amyloid Deposition Leads to Local Synaptic Abnormalities and Breakage of Neuronal Branches","volume":"7","author":"Tsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03952","article-title":"A Mechanosensory Complex that Mediates the Endothelial Cell Response to Fluid Shear Stress","volume":"437","author":"Tzima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2889","article-title":"The Atypical Chemokine Receptor CCRL1 Shapes Functional CCL21 Gradients in Lymph Nodes","volume":"15","author":"Ulvmar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001790210","article-title":"Innervation of Mouse Lymph Nodes: Nerve Endings on Muscular Vessels and Reticular Cells","volume":"179","author":"Villaro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10357","article-title":"The Ageing Systemic Milieu Negatively Regulates Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function","volume":"477","author":"Villeda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.11.001","article-title":"Lymphatic Vasculature in Human Dural Superior Sagittal Sinus: Implications for Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies","volume":"665","author":"Visanji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12656","article-title":"Deep Cervical Lymph Node Ligation Aggravates AD-like Pathology of APP\/PS1 Mice","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1018-z","article-title":"Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles","volume":"79","author":"Weissenborn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02161.1998","article-title":"Fibrillar \u03b2-Amyloid Induces Microglial Phagocytosis, Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Loss of a Select Population of Neurons in the Rat CNSIn Vivo","volume":"18","author":"Weldon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199810000-00001","article-title":"Pathology of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Interstitial Fluid of the CNS: Significance for Alzheimer Disease, Prion Disorders and Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Weller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.230299","article-title":"Induced Dural Lymphangiogenesis Facilities Soluble Amyloid-Beta Clearance from Brain in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"13","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080101","article-title":"Lymphatic Precollectors Contain a Novel, Specialized Subpopulation of Podoplaninlow, CCL27-Expressing Lymphatic Endothelial Cells","volume":"173","author":"Wick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81511-1","article-title":"Prox1 Function Is Required for the Development of the Murine Lymphatic System","volume":"98","author":"Wigle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.12.020","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"88","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13110","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2569-11.2011","article-title":"In vivo microdialysis Reveals Age-dependent Decrease of Brain Interstitial Fluid Tau Levels in P301S Human Tau Transgenic Mice","volume":"31","author":"Yamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1991.261.4.H1197","article-title":"Albumin Outflow into Deep Cervical Lymph from Different Regions of Rabbit Brain","volume":"261","author":"Yamada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiol."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18822921","article-title":"Impaired Meningeal Lymphatic Vessel Development Worsens Stroke Outcome","volume":"40","author":"Yanev","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00300","article-title":"Evaluation of Glymphatic System Using Diffusion MR Technique in T2DM Cases","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.20.4797","article-title":"Abnormal Lymphatic Vessel Development in Neuropilin 2 Mutant Mice","volume":"129","author":"Yuan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559603","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.559603","article-title":"Dysfunction of the Glymphatic System Might Be Related to Iron Deposition in the Normal Aging Brain","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25670","article-title":"Impairment of the Glymphatic Pathway and Putative Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in the Aging Human","volume":"87","author":"Zhou","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0147-y","article-title":"Blocking Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage Aggravates Parkinson's Disease-like Pathology in Mice Overexpressing Mutated \u03b1-synuclein","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.655052\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T03:31:56Z","timestamp":1619580716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.655052\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"references-count":221,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2021.655052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.655052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"article-number":"655052"}}