{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:12:25Z","timestamp":1753891945579,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF 2017-89714-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF 2017-89714-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00,209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00,209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROMETEO\/2019\/032 Gent T CDEI-04\/20-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROMETEO\/2019\/032 Gent T CDEI-04\/20-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Context: <\/jats:bold>Primary hypercholesterolemia (PH) is a lipid disorder characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with PH, which might explain the higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases in this setting.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective: <\/jats:bold>To evaluate the effect of an oral unsaturated fat load (OUFL) on different immune parameters and functional consequences in patients with PH in postprandial state.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design: <\/jats:bold>A commercial liquid preparation of long-chain triglycerides (Supracal<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>6\/<jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>3 ratio &amp;gt;20\/1, OUFL) was administered to 20 patients and 10 age-matched controls. Whole blood was collected before (fasting state) and 4\u00a0h after administration (postprandial state). Flow cytometry was employed to determine platelet and leukocyte activation, and the levels of circulating platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Soluble markers were determined by ELISA, and the parallel-plate flow chamber was employed to study leukocyte adhesion to the dysfunctional arterial endothelium.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The PH group had a lower percentage of activated platelets and circulating type 1 monocytes, and blunted neutrophil activation after the OUFL, accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of regulatory T lymphocytes. In this group, the OUFL led to a significant impairment of leukocyte adhesion to the dysfunctional [tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1)-stimulated] endothelium and reduced the plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, platelet factor-4 (PF-4)\/CXCL4, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5, and TNF\u03b1.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold>The OUFL has a beneficial impact on the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state of PH patients and might be a promising macronutrient approach to dampen the systemic inflammation associated with PH and the development of further cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.656244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T06:18:48Z","timestamp":1618899528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oral Unsaturated Fat Load Impairs Postprandial Systemic Inflammation in Primary Hypercholesterolemia Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aida","family":"Collado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Perello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Herv\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Piqueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Ascaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 T.","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria-Jesus","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6508709","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6508709","article-title":"Simvastatin effects on inflammation and platelet activation markers in hypercholesterolemia","volume":"2018","author":"Barale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. 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