{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:55:58Z","timestamp":1787237758191,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Little is known about the role of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST) in myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Here, we investigated the direct cardiocytoprotective effect of SST on ischemia\/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte cultures, as well as the expression of SST and its receptors in pig and human heart tissues. SST induced a bell-shaped, concentration-dependent cardiocytoprotection in both adult rat primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells subjected to simulated ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, in a translational porcine closed-chest acute myocardial infarction model, ischemic preconditioning increased plasma SST-like immunoreactivity. Interestingly, SST expression was detectable at the protein, but not at the mRNA level in the pig left ventricles.\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but not the other SST receptors, were detectable at the mRNA level by PCR and sequencing in the pig left ventricle. Moreover, remote ischemic conditioning upregulated\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA. Similarly, SST expression was also detectable in healthy human interventricular septum samples at the protein level. Furthermore, SST-like immunoreactivity decreased in interventricular septum samples of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR1, SSTR2,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR5<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not\n                    <jats:italic>SST<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the other SST receptors were detectable at the mRNA level by sequencing in healthy human left ventricles. In addition, in healthy human left ventricle samples,\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SSTR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNAs were expressed especially in vascular endothelial and some other cell types as detected by RNA Scope\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization. This is the first demonstration that SST exerts a direct cardiocytoprotective effect against simulated ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Moreover, SST is expressed in the heart tissue at the peptide level; however, it is likely to be of sensory neural origin since its mRNA is not detectable. SSTR1 and SSTR2 might be involved in the cardioprotective action of SST, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.663655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T04:36:32Z","timestamp":1636086992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Somatostatin and Its Receptors in Myocardial Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Imre","family":"V\u00f6r\u00f6s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va","family":"S\u00e1ghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Poh\u00f3czky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Makkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"On\u00f3di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor B.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Baranyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bence","family":"\u00c1gg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnab\u00e1s","family":"V\u00e1radi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Kem\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Leszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anik\u00f3","family":"G\u00f6rbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n V.","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Giricz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Helyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Ferdinandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-438","article-title":"Pig Genome Sequence-Aanalysis and Publication Strategy","volume":"11","author":"Archibald","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1166-z","article-title":"In Vivo MRI and Ex Vivo Histological Assessment of the Cardioprotection Induced by Ischemic Preconditioning, Postconditioning and Remote Conditioning in a Closed-Chest Porcine Model of Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction: Importance of Microvasculature","volume":"15","author":"Baranyai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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