{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:49:18Z","timestamp":1792622958891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Gegen-Qinlian<\/jats:italic> decoction (GQD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It is composed of four TCMs, including <jats:italic>Puerariae Lobatae Radix<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Scutellariae Radix<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coptidis Rhizoma<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Glycyrrhizae Radix<\/jats:italic> et <jats:italic>Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle<\/jats:italic>. GQD is traditionally and clinically used to treat both the \u201cexternal and internal symptoms\u201d of diarrhea with fever. In this review, key words related to GQD were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literature published mainly from 2000 to 2020 was screened and summarized. The main constituents of GQD could be classified into eight groups according to their structures: flavonoid <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>-glycosides, flavonoid <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-glucuronides, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, free flavonoids, flavonoid <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoid saponins, and others. The parent constituents of GQD that enter circulation mainly include puerarin and daidzein from <jats:italic>Puerariae Lobatae Radix<\/jats:italic>, baicalin and wogonoside from <jats:italic>Scutellariae Radix<\/jats:italic>, berberine and magnoflorine from <jats:italic>Coptidis Rhizoma<\/jats:italic>, as well as glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid from <jats:italic>Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle<\/jats:italic>. GQD is effective against inflammatory intestinal diseases, including diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, GQD has significant effects on metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, GQD can be used to treat lung injury. In brief, the main constituents, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles of GQD were summarized in this review. In addition, several issues of GQD including effective constituents, interactions between the constituents, pharmacokinetics, interaction potential with drugs and pharmacological effects were discussed, and related future researches were prospected in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.668418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T11:42:03Z","timestamp":1620387723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing-Ze","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Liang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3159","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 Signaling and Metabolism: the Good, the Bad and the Future","volume":"19","author":"Ahmadian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with Gut Dysbiosis and Shift in the Metabolic Function of the Gut Microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.01.003","article-title":"The Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs): an Ancient Family with Structural and Functional Diversity","volume":"1803","author":"Brew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Bba) - Mol. Cel Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.142","article-title":"Emerging Pathogenic Links between Microbiota and the Gut-Lung axis","volume":"15","author":"Budden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0519-RA","article-title":"Acute Lung Injury: A Clinical and Molecular Review","volume":"140","author":"Butt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The Multiple-Hit Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113289","article-title":"Identification of Potential Bioactive Compounds and Mechanisms of GegenQinlian Decoction on Improving Insulin Resistance in Adipose, Liver, and Muscle Tissue by Integrating System Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis","volume":"264","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42325","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42325","article-title":"Identification of Crude Drugs in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Using a DNA Barcoding System","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep-uk"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190318.506","article-title":"[Differences in Intestinal Absorption of Gegen Qinlian Decoction between Normal Rats and Rats with Large Intestinal Damp-Heat Syndrome]","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30362-1","article-title":"Estimates of the Global, Regional, and National Morbidity, Mortality, and Aetiologies of Diarrhoea in 195 Countries: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.014","article-title":"Recent Advances in Understanding the Antibacterial Properties of Flavonoids","volume":"38","author":"Cushnie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2174\/138920010794328913","article-title":"Interplay of Metabolism and Transport in Determining Oral Drug Absorption and Gut Wall Metabolism: a Simulation Assessment Using the \"Advanced Dissolution, Absorption, Metabolism (ADAM)\" Model","volume":"11","author":"Darwich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100019","article-title":"Irinotecan-induced Diarrhea: Functional Significance of the Polymorphic ABCC2 Transporter Protein","volume":"81","author":"de Jong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.03.004","article-title":"Therapeutic Potentials of Baicalin and its Aglycone, Baicalein against Inflammatory Disorders","volume":"131","author":"Dinda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.10475910.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104759","article-title":"Systems Pharmacology Reveals the Mechanism of Activity of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian Decoction against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury: A Novel Strategy for Exploring Active Components and Effective Mechanism of TCM Formulae","volume":"156","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1115","article-title":"Disease-Associated Changes in Drug Transporters May Impact the Pharmacokinetics And\/or Toxicity of Drugs: A White Paper from the International Transporter Consortium","volume":"104","author":"Evers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18512","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000018512","article-title":"Efficacy of Herbal Medicine (Gegen Qinlian Decoction) on Ulcerative Colitis A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"98","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170046","article-title":"Adiponectin Regulation and Function","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.02.024","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, a New Frontier to Understand Traditional Chinese Medicines","volume":"142","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.03.089","article-title":"Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Six Flavonoids Separated from Licorice","volume":"141","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.07.038","article-title":"Recent Advances on HPLC\/MS in Medicinal Plant Analysis-An Update Covering 2011-2016","volume":"147","author":"Ganzera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-4165(99)00152-x","article-title":"Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoids Extracted from the Radix of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi","volume":"1472","author":"Gao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Bba) - Gen. Subjects"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813086","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1813086","article-title":"New Insights into the Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Products on Diabetes: A Focus on the \"Bacteria-Mucosal Immunity-Inflammation-Diabetes\" Axis","volume":"2017","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.5076","article-title":"Targeting Sirt1 in a Rat Model of Highfat Dietinduced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Comparison of Gegen Qinlian Decoction and Resveratrol","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7370891","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/737089110.1155\/2018\/7370891","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Rats via Gut Microbiota","volume":"2018","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med."},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction","author":"Hai","year":"2009"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7421761","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7421761","article-title":"Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on Cardiac Gene Expression in Diabetic Mice","volume":"2017","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Genomics"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"270","article-title":"[Thoughts and Experimental Exploration on Pharmacokinetic Study of Herbal Medicines with Multiple-Components and Targets]","volume":"44","author":"Hao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934578X2092002","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X20920023","article-title":"Network Pharmacology Research and Preliminary Verification of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"15","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Product. Commun."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112230","article-title":"Best Practice in Research - Overcoming Common Challenges in Phytopharmacological Research","volume":"246","author":"Heinrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4629","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4629","article-title":"Metabolomics Analysis of Pulsatilla Decoction on Treatment of Wetness-Heat-Induced Diarrhea in Rats Based on UPLC-Q\/TOF-MS\/MS","volume":"33","author":"Hua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.165","article-title":"A New Method to Evaluate the Dose-Effect Relationship of a TCM Formula Gegen Qinlian Decoction: \"Focus\" Mode of Integrated Biomarkers","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201816666190313155117","article-title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Glycyrrhizic Acid Aggregates as Drug-Carriers for Paclitaxel","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3665","article-title":"Innate Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection","volume":"14","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.10.024","article-title":"Recent Analytical Approaches in Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines-A Review","volume":"657","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analytica Chim. Acta"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112439","article-title":"An \"essential Herbal Medicine\"-Licorice: A Review of Phytochemicals and its Effects in Combination Preparations","volume":"249","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62154-6","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Perspectives on the Past, Present, and Future","volume":"383","author":"Kahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-015-1155-1","article-title":"Encapsulation of Aconitine in Self-Assembled Licorice Protein Nanoparticles Reduces the Toxicity In Vivo","volume":"10","author":"Ke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.10.011","article-title":"Enhanced Solubility and Bioavailability of Simvastatin by Mechanochemically Obtained Complexes","volume":"534","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2003.09.002","article-title":"The Anti-inflammatory Potential of Berberine In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"203","author":"Kuo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.09.049","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the Effect and Safety of Berberine in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipemia and Hypertension","volume":"161","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1009.2008.00377","article-title":"Integrated Pharmacokinetic Study of Multiple Effective Components Contained in Total Panax Notoginsenosides","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.03.014","article-title":"Biopharmaceutics Classification of Puerarin and Comparison of Perfusion Approaches in Rats","volume":"466","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495840","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/495840","article-title":"A Network Pharmacology Approach to Determine Active Compounds and Action Mechanisms of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian Decoction for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2014","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.06.010","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Alleviates Experimental Colitis via Suppressing TLR4\/NF-\u03baB Signaling and Enhancing Antioxidant Effect","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201601054","article-title":"Deciphering Chemical Interactions between Glycyrrhizae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma by Liquid Chromatography with Transformed Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180611.005","article-title":"[Effect of Different Concentrations of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on Expression of P-Glycoprotein and Multi-Drug Resistance Protein Transporter in Caco-2 Cells]","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2019.1563595","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic mechanisms underlying the detoxification effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao): drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6770","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b01346","article-title":"Natural Berberine-Based Chinese Herb Medicine Assembled Nanostructures with Modified Antibacterial Application","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9217912","article-title":"Antidiabetic Micro-\/Nanoaggregates from Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian-Tang Decoction Increase Absorption of Baicalin and Cellular Antioxidant Activity In Vitro","volume":"2017","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.01.015","article-title":"Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Eight Major Bioactive Components in Normal and Bacterial Diarrhea Mini-Pigs after Oral Administration of Gegen Qinlian Decoction","author":"Ling","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.02.045","article-title":"Intestinal Absorption Differences of Major Bioactive Compounds of Gegenqinlian Decoction between Normal and Bacterial Diarrheal Mini-Pigs In Vitro and in situ","volume":"1083","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.033936","article-title":"Extensive Intestinal First-Pass Elimination and Predominant Hepatic Distribution of Berberine Explain its Low Plasma Levels in Rats","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415x13500274","article-title":"Inhibition of Monocarboxylate Transporter-Mediated Absorption of Valproic Acid by Gegen-Qinlian-Tang","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B56","first-page":"3072","article-title":"[Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on Hepatic Cytochrome CYP450 Isozymes in Rats by HPLC-MS\/MS]","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2016.02.001","article-title":"Research Progress on Berberine with a Special Focus on its Oral Bioavailability","volume":"109","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.02.001","article-title":"Metabolic Profiling of Gegenqinlian Decoction in Rat Plasma, Urine, Bile and Feces after Oral Administration by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry","volume":"1079","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4421","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4421","article-title":"Comparative metabolism of the eight main bioactive ingredients of gegen qinlian decoction by the intestinal flora of diarrhoeal and healthy piglets","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00825","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Treats Diarrhea in Piglets by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190523.301","article-title":"[Research on Attributes of Biopharmaceutics Classification System for Chinese Materia Medica of Baicalein in Gegen Qinlian Decoction Environment]","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ay02082a","article-title":"Detection of Chemical Constituents in Gegenqinlian Decoction by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170223.001","article-title":"[Biopharmaceutics Classification System of Chinese Materia Medica of Berberine in Gegen Qinlian Decoction]","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2008.09.005","article-title":"New Therapeutic Aspects of Flavones: the Anticancer Properties of Scutellaria and its Main Active Constituents Wogonin, Baicalein and Baicalin","volume":"35","author":"Li-Weber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-019-3064-0","article-title":"Network Pharmacology in Research of Chinese Medicine Formula: Methodology, Application and Prospective","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1638-6","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Enhances the Effect of PD-1 Blockade in Colorectal Cancer with Microsatellite Stability by Remodelling the Gut Microbiota and the Tumour Microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/03602532.2015.1124888","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions with Traditional Chinese Medicine: Progress, Causes of Conflicting Results and Suggestions for Future Research","volume":"48","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.01.047","article-title":"Identification of the Toxic Constituents in Rhizoma Coptidis","volume":"128","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.08.074","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide Increased the Acute Toxicity of the Rhizoma Coptidis Extract in Mice by Increasing the Systemic Exposure to Rhizoma Coptidis Alkaloids","volume":"138","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20110","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20110","article-title":"Naturally Occurring Proteinaceous Nanoparticles in Coptidis Rhizoma Extract Act as Concentration-dependent Carriers that Facilitate Berberine Absorption","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-9-r79","article-title":"Dysfunction of the Intestinal Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26319","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"58","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.7.1956","article-title":"Unique Uptake and Transport of Isoflavone Aglycones by Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: Comparison of Isoflavonoids and Flavonoids","volume":"132","author":"Murota","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.05.025","article-title":"Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants, Selected from Iranian Traditional Medicine Pharmacopoeia to Treat Cancer and Related Disorders","volume":"155","author":"Naghibi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5893","article-title":"Toxicological Effects ofGlycyrrhiza glabra(Licorice): A Review","volume":"31","author":"Nazari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","article-title":"Host-gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions","volume":"336","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6178","article-title":"Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra ): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review","volume":"32","author":"Pastorino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Res."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1081\/DMR-100104400","article-title":"The Pharmacokinetics of Glycyrrhizic Acid Evaluated by Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling\u2020","volume":"33","author":"Ploeger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5933","article-title":"Current Status of Herbal Drug Standards in the Indian Pharmacopoeia","volume":"31","author":"Prakash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3109\/13880200903029340","article-title":"The Effect of Sixteen Medicinal Plants Used in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia on the Expression and Activity of glutathioneS-Transferase in Hepatocytes and Leukemia Cells","volume":"47","author":"Pr\u00edncipe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.02.079","article-title":"A Targeted Strategy to Analyze Untargeted Mass Spectral Data: Rapid Chemical Profiling of Scutellaria Baicalensis Using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and key Ion Filtering","volume":"1441","author":"Qiao","year":"","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.02.034","article-title":"A Chemical Profiling Solution for Chinese Medicine Formulas Using Comprehensive and Loop-Based Multiple Heart-Cutting Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry","volume":"1438","author":"Qiao","year":"","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39534","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39534","article-title":"Compound to Extract to Formulation: a knowledge-Transmitting Approach for Metabolites Identification of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula","volume":"6","author":"Qiao","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00622","article-title":"A 42-Markers Pharmacokinetic Study Reveals Interactions of Berberine and Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Anti-diabetic Chinese Medicine Formula Gegen-Qinlian Decoction","volume":"9","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A Metagenome-wide Association Study of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201201002","article-title":"Characterization of Protoberberine Alkaloids in Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) by HPLC with ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"36","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1023\/b:pham.0000008037.57884.11","article-title":"Quantitative Biopharmaceutics Classification System: the Central Role of Dose\/solubility Ratio","volume":"20","author":"Rinaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.05.004","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for Normalizing Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"33","author":"Ryuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Complement. Therapies Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1270920","article-title":"HERG Channel Inhibitors in Extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma","volume":"77","author":"Schramm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.114.061093","article-title":"Inflammation-induced Phenoconversion of Polymorphic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes: Hypothesis with Implications for Personalized Medicine","volume":"43","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2017.1417424","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Recent Studies on Pharmacokinetics of Traditional Chinese Medicines (2014-2017) and Perspectives","volume":"50","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109471","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Downregulates the TLR7 Signalling Pathway to Control Influenza A Virus Infection","volume":"121","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113685","article-title":"Medicinal Plants from the 14th Edition of the Russian Pharmacopoeia, Recent Updates","volume":"268","author":"Shikov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-5364(13)60069-2","article-title":"Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines: a Review","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Medicines"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04919","article-title":"Biosynthesis-Based Quantitative Analysis of 151 Secondary Metabolites of Licorice To Differentiate Medicinal Glycyrrhiza Species and Their Hybrids","volume":"89","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E845","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21070845","article-title":"Relevance of the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Puerariae Lobatae Radix to Aggregation of Multi-Component Molecules in Aqueous Decoctions","volume":"21","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8544","DOI":"10.12659\/Msm.919498","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Ameliorates Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Silent Information Regulator1 (SIRT1)-Dependent Deacetylation of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1)","volume":"25","author":"Sui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.08.009","article-title":"Berberine and Coptidis Rhizoma as Novel Antineoplastic Agents: a Review of Traditional Use and Biomedical Investigations","volume":"126","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.09.051","article-title":"Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of the Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Chinese Herbal Radix Curcumae Formula for Application to Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"145","author":"Tao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0535-8","article-title":"NMR-based Metabonomic Study of Chinese Medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction as an Effective Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes in Rats","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(11)60013-7","article-title":"Clinical Observations on the Dose-Effect Relationship of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction () on 54 Out-Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Tong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690","article-title":"Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Cancer","volume":"366","author":"Topalian","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00811","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Coordinately Regulates PPAR Gamma and PPAR Alpha to Improve Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats and Insulin Resistance 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"11","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-017-1975-6","article-title":"Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Supramolecular Complexes of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Simvastatin","volume":"53","author":"Vetrova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.02.033","article-title":"Kinetic Difference of Berberine between hippocampus and Plasma in Rat after Intravenous Administration of Coptidis Rhizoma Extract","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.60.706","article-title":"Formation and Conformation of Baicalin-Berberine and Wogonoside-Berberine Complexes","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.05.056","article-title":"Simultaneous Quantification of 50 Bioactive Compounds of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Gegen-Qinlian Decoction Using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry","volume":"1454","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1492620","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Flavonoid Biosynthesis of Scutellaria Baicalensis","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2019.1577466","article-title":"Coptidis Rhizoma: a Comprehensive Review of its Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12376","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200712376","article-title":"Molecular Clusters Size of Puerariae Thomsonii Radix Aqueous Decoction and Relevance to Oral Absorption","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.05.005","article-title":"The Antiviral and Antimicrobial Activities of Licorice, a Widely-Used Chinese Herb","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.06.011","article-title":"Metabolomics Highlights Pharmacological Bioactivity and Biochemical Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"273","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735414550036","article-title":"A Chinese Medicine Formula Gegen Qinlian Decoction Suppresses Expansion of Human Renal Carcinoma With Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.08.042","article-title":"Permeability through the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer of 42 Bioactive Compounds in the TCM Formula Gegen-Qinlian Decoction by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/715638","article-title":"Intervening TNF-\u03b1via PPAR\u03b3with Gegenqinlian Decoction in Experimental Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"2015","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.08.002","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Interactions with Drug Metabolism, Efficacy, and Toxicity","volume":"179","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Translational Res."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.10.091","article-title":"Current Approaches and Challenges for the Metabolite Profiling of Complex Natural Extracts","volume":"1382","author":"Wolfender","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.02.001","article-title":"Kudzu Root: Traditional Uses and Potential Medicinal Benefits in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"134","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2014.03.002","article-title":"Combined Use of Phospholipid Complexes and Self-Emulsifying Microemulsions for Improving the Oral Absorption of a BCS Class IV Compound, Baicalin","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.460385","article-title":"An Analytical Strategy for Accurate, Rapid and Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones in Traditional Chinese Medicines Using Ultra-high Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography: Take Radix Puerariae as an Example","volume":"1606","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.095","article-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction Ameliorates Irinotecan Chemotherapy-Induced Gut Toxicity in Mice","volume":"109","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.01.039","article-title":"Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Puerarin, Daidzin, Baicalin, Glycyrrhizic Acid, Liquiritin, Berberine, Palmatine and Jateorhizine by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Oral Administration of Gegenqinlian Decoction and Active Components Alignment (ACA) to Rats","volume":"988","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.042","article-title":"Active Components Alignment of Gegenqinlian Decoction Protects Ulcerative Colitis by Attenuating Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress","volume":"162","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113129","article-title":"Study on the Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for Treating Type II Diabetes Mellitus by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Pharmacological Evaluation","volume":"262","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.201410.1038\/ismej.2014.177","article-title":"Structural Modulation of Gut Microbiota during Alleviation of Type 2 Diabetes with a Chinese Herbal Formula","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Isme J."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600244","article-title":"Modulation of NF-\u03bab-dependent Transcription and Cell Survival by the SIRT1 Deacetylase","volume":"23","author":"Yeung","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.01.013","article-title":"Efficacy of Berberine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Meta-Analytic Assessment of Prevalence, Incidence, and Outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.8.454","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Berberine Alone and in Combination with Ampicillin or Oxacillin against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus Aureus","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00597","article-title":"Lactobacillus Murinus Improved the Bioavailability of Orally Administered Glycyrrhizic Acid in Rats","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B132","first-page":"514","article-title":"[Effect of gegen qinlian decoction combined with short-term intensive insulin treatment on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of dampness-heat syndrome]","volume":"26","author":"Zeng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.11.054","article-title":"Interaction of Baicalin with Berberine for Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and HepG2 Hepatocytes","volume":"151","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B134","first-page":"1460","article-title":"[Cellular Absorption of the Active Ingredients in Different Compatibilities of Gegenqinlian Decoction in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells]","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhong Yao Cai"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2012.11.002","article-title":"Anti-diabetic Activities of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in High-Fat Diet Combined with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110076","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Abates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Associated Liver Injuries via Anti-oxidative Stress and Anti-inflammatory Response Involved Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathways","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.137363","article-title":"LC-MS\/MS Determination and Pharmacokinetics Study of Puerarin and Daidzein in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Gegenqinlian Decoction and Radix Puerariae Extract","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phcog Mag."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5493","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6493","article-title":"Berberine Activates Thermogenesis in White and Brown Adipose Tissue","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-016-1136-5","article-title":"Scutellaria Baicalensis , the Golden Herb from the Garden of Chinese Medicinal Plants","volume":"61","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020128","article-title":"Synergistic Mechanisms of Constituents in Herbal Extracts during Intestinal Absorption: Focus on Natural Occurring Nanoparticles","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153182","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian Decoction Maintains Colonic Mucosal Homeostasis in Acute\/chronic Ulcerative Colitis via Bidirectionally Modulating Dysregulated Notch Signaling","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.4268\/cjcmm20160609","article-title":"[Which One Is More Important, Raw Materials or Productive Technology?-Aa Case Study for Quality Consistency Control of Gegen Qinlian Decoction]","volume":"41","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2957567","article-title":"Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for Rotavirus Enteritis","volume":"2020","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5083","article-title":"Puerarin: a Review of Pharmacological Effects","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271ps1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010473","article-title":"Cancer and the Gut Microbiota: an Unexpected Link","volume":"7","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.668418\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T11:42:12Z","timestamp":1620387732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.668418\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"references-count":145,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2021.668418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.668418","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"article-number":"668418"}}