{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:13:06Z","timestamp":1785381186686,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2320-B-255-003-MY3 MOST 108-2320-B-255-003-MY3 MOST 109-2327-B-255-001 MOST 109-2327-B-182-002 MOST 109-2811-I-006-500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2320-B-255-003-MY3 MOST 108-2320-B-255-003-MY3 MOST 109-2327-B-255-001 MOST 109-2327-B-182-002 MOST 109-2811-I-006-500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPF1G0241\u223c3 CMRPF1J0051\u223c3 BMRP450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPF1G0241\u223c3 CMRPF1J0051\u223c3 BMRP450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophilic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or psoriasis, exert a huge burden on the global health system due to the lack of safe and effective treatments. Volatile oils from terrestrial plants showed impressive therapeutic effects against disorders of the skin, digestive system, lungs, liver, metabolism, and nervous system. However, their effect on the immune system and neutrophil function is still elusive. Fennel, cumin, marjoram, lavender, caraway, and anise are the common nutraceuticals that are widely used in the Mediterranean diet. The volatile oils of these herbs were screened for various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. Several oils showed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential. Fennel (<jats:italic>Foeniculum vulgare<\/jats:italic>) and cumin (<jats:italic>Cuminum cyminum<\/jats:italic>) fruits' volatile oils significantly suppressed the activation of human neutrophils, including respiratory burst and the degranulation induced by formyl peptide receptor agonists fMLF\/CB and MMK1 in the human neutrophils (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, 3.8\u201317.2\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml). The cytotoxic effect and free-radical scavenging effects (ABTS, DPPH) of these oils did not account for the observed effects. Both fennel and cumin volatile oils significantly shortened calcium influx recovery time and inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, JNK, and ERK) expression. The gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis of these oils revealed the presence of estragole and cuminaldehyde as the major components of fennel and cumin volatile oils, respectively. Our findings suggested that cumin and fennel, common in the Mediterranean diet, hold the potential to be applied for the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.674095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T17:10:13Z","timestamp":1634145013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Volatile Oils: Fennel and Cumin Inhibit Neutrophilic Inflammation via Regulating Calcium and MAPKs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Korinek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Handoussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan-Wei","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Rong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hung","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Fan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Shazly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsong-Long","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118054","article-title":"Tackling the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19, Challenges and Hopes","volume":"257","author":"Abdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c06188","article-title":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Classification of 12 Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Miller) Varieties Based on Their Aroma Profiles and Estragole Levels as Analyzed Using Chemometric Tools","volume":"6","author":"Afifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(02)00482-8","article-title":"Quorum sensing and Expression of Virulence in Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"85","author":"Anand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. 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