{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:20:44Z","timestamp":1790799644205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["34009-17-1220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34009-17-1220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Widespread use of antimicrobial drugs has led to high levels of drug-resistance in pathogen populations and a need for novel sources of anti-bacterial and anti-parasitic compounds. Macroalgae (seaweed) are potentially a rich source of bioactive compounds, and several species have traditionally been used as vermifuges. Here, we investigated the anti-parasitic properties of four common cold-water Nordic seaweeds; <jats:italic>Palmaria palmata<\/jats:italic> (Rhodophyta), <jats:italic>Laminaria digitata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Saccharina latissima<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ascophyllum nodosum<\/jats:italic> (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae). Screening of organic extracts against helminths of swine (<jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>) and sheep (<jats:italic>Teladorsagia circumcincta<\/jats:italic>) revealed that <jats:italic>S. latissima<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. digitata<\/jats:italic> had particularly high biological activity. A combination of molecular networking and bio-guided fractionation led to the isolation of six compounds from extracts of these two species identified in both fermented and non-fermented samples. The six isolated compounds were tentatively identified by using MS-FINDER as five fatty acids and one monoglyceride: Stearidonic acid (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>), Eicosapentaenoic acid (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>), Alpha-Linolenic acid (<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>), Docosahexaenoic acid (<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>), Arachidonic acid (<jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>), and Monoacylglycerol (MG 20:5) (<jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>). Individual compounds showed only modest activity against <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>, but a clear synergistic effect was apparent when selected compounds were tested in combination. Collectively, our data reveal that fatty acids may have a previously unappreciated role as natural anti-parasitic compounds, which suggests that seaweed products may represent a viable option for control of intestinal helminth infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.674520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T09:13:56Z","timestamp":1622625236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Bio-Guided Fractionation and Molecular Networking Reveal Fatty Acids to Be Principal Anti-Parasitic Compounds in Nordic Seaweeds"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Charlotte Smith","family":"Bonde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Bornancin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Toft","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Mejer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig Milan","family":"Thamsborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731107000730","article-title":"Medicinal Plants for Helminth Parasite Control: Facts and Fiction","volume":"1","author":"Athanasiadou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2009.131","article-title":"Anthelmintic Constituents of Clonostachys Candelabrum","volume":"63","author":"Ayers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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