{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:04:59Z","timestamp":1794492299225,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Atrial fibrosis is the basis for the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and is closely related to the Warburg effect, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrion dysfunctions-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) is a gaseous signalling molecule with cardioprotective, anti-myocardial fibrosis and improved energy metabolism effects. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism by which H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S improves the progression of atrial fibrosis to AF remains unclear. A case-control study of patients with and without AF was designed to assess changes in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S, the Warburg effect, and ERS in AF. The results showed that AF can significantly reduce cystathionine-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate thiotransferase (3-MST) expression and the H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S level, induce cystathionine-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -synthase (CBS) expression; increase the Warburg effect, ERS and atrial fibrosis; and promote left atrial dysfunction. In addition, AngII-treated SD rats had an increased Warburg effect and ERS levels and enhanced atrial fibrosis progression to AF compared to wild-type SD rats, and these conditions were reversed by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), dichloroacetic acid (DCA) or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) supplementation. Finally, low CSE levels in AngII-induced HL-1 cells were concentration- and time-dependent and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, the Warburg effect and ERS, and these effects were reversed by NaHS, DCA or 4-PBA supplementation. Our research indicates that H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S can regulate the AngII-induced Warburg effect and ERS and might be a potential therapeutic drug to inhibit atrial fibrosis progression to AF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.690371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T08:48:06Z","timestamp":1638866886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis Progression to Atrial Fibrillation Through Inhibition of the Warburg Effect and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Heng-Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Han","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun-Lin","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Fang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Sheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw315","article-title":"Intra-cardiac and Peripheral Levels of Biochemical Markers of Fibrosis in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"19","author":"Begg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2015.01.005","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide in Pharmacology and Medicine--An Update","volume":"67","author":"Beltowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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