{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:35:21Z","timestamp":1773920121095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has diverse roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. There is evidence that Gal-3 plays a role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. While the role of Gal-3 expression in immune cells invading the pancreatic islets in the experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been already studied, the importance of the overexpression of Gal-3 in the target \u03b2 cells is not defined. Therefore, we used multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD\u2013STZ)\u2013induced diabetes in C57Bl\/6 mice to analyze the effect of transgenic (TG) overexpression of Gal-3 in \u03b2 cells. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of Gal-3 protected \u03b2 cells from apoptosis and attenuated MLD\u2013STZ\u2013induced hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria. The cellular analysis of pancreata and draining lymph nodes showed that Gal-3 overexpression significantly decreased the number of pro-inflammatory cells without affecting the presence of T-regulatory cells. As the application of exogenous interleukin 33 (IL-33) given from the beginning of MLD\u2013STZ diabetes induction attenuates the development of disease, by increasing the presence of regulatory FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>ST2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells, we evaluated the potential synergistic effect of the exogenous IL-33 and TG overexpression of Gal-3 in \u03b2 cells at the later stage of diabetogenesis. The addition of IL-33 potentiated the survival of \u03b2 cells and attenuated diabetes even when administered later, after the onset of hyperglycemia (12\u201318\u00a0days), suggesting that protection from apoptosis and immunoregulation by IL-33 may attenuate type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.714683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T12:17:42Z","timestamp":1636114662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transgenic Overexpression of Galectin-3 in Pancreatic \u03b2 Cells Attenuates Hyperglycemia in Mice: Synergistic Antidiabetic Effect With Exogenous IL-33"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nemanja","family":"Jovicic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Pejnovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biljana","family":"Ljujic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Miletic Kovacevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sladjana","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilija","family":"Jeftic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Djukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Srejovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Jakovljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miodrag L","family":"Lukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"5272","article-title":"Galectin-3: a Novel Anti-apoptotic Molecule with a Functional BH1 (NWGR) Domain of Bcl-2 Family","volume":"57","author":"Akahani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GLYC.0000014088.21242.e0","article-title":"Galectins as Inflammatory Mediators","volume":"19","author":"Almkvist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glycoconj. 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