{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:28:58Z","timestamp":1787844538906,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006573","name":"Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/jats:italic> (Burm. f.) Nees (also known as <jats:italic>Chuanxinlian<\/jats:italic> in Chinese) of Acanthaceae family is one of the Chinese herbs reputed to be effective in the treatment of inflammation, infection, cold, and fever. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important enteroviruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) accompanied with neurological complication.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> To explore an anti-infective Chinese herb medicine, pure compounds isolated or synthesized analogues from <jats:italic>A. paniculata<\/jats:italic> (AP) ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract are used to explore their anti-EV71-induced cytotoxicity. The antiviral activity was determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction, and sub-G1 assays were used for measuring lysis and apoptosis of EV71-infected rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. IFN\u03b3-driven luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate their potential roles in activation of immune responses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Our data showed that EV71-induced sub-G1 phase of RD cells was dose dependently increased. Highly apoptotic EV71-infected RD cells were reduced by AP extract treatment. Ergosterol peroxide (<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>) has the most anti-apoptotic effect among these seven compounds. In addition, 3,19-<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-acetyl-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (<jats:bold>8<\/jats:bold>) synthesized from acetylation of compound <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold> showed significantly better antiviral activity and the lowest sub-G1 phase of 6%\u201318%. Further investigation of IFN\u03b3-inducer activity of these compounds showed that compounds <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>11<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>12<\/jats:bold> had significantly higher IFN\u03b3 luciferase activities, suggesting their potential to promote IFN\u03b3 expression and thus activate immune responses for antivirus function.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Our study demonstrated that bioactive compounds of AP and its derivatives either protecting EV71-infected RD cells from sub-G1 arrest or possessing IFN\u03b3-inducer activity might be feasible for the development of anti-EV71 agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.762285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T06:11:47Z","timestamp":1638943907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Isolation and Identification of Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian) and Its Biologically Active Constituents Inhibited Enterovirus 71-Induced Cell Apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wen-Wan","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Hsiung","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi-Fong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.07.018","article-title":"Cinnamic Acid Derivatives Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Replication via the Induction of Oxidative Stress","volume":"145","author":"Amano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antivir. 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