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Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Morphine, the main component of opium, is a commonly used analgesic in clinical practice, but its abuse potential limits its clinical application. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mesolimbic circuitry play an important role in the rewarding effects of abused drugs. Previous studies have showed that \u03b16\u03b22* (* designated other subunits) nAChRs are mainly distributed in dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain area, which regulates the release of dopamine. So \u03b16\u03b22* nAChRs are regarded as a new target to treat drug abuse. \u03b1-Conotoxin TxIB was discovered in our lab, which is the most selective ligand to inhibit \u03b16\u03b22* nAChRs only. Antagonists of \u03b16\u03b22* nAChRs decreased nicotine, cocaine, and ethanol rewarding effects previously. However, their role in morphine addiction has not been reported so far. Thus, it is worth evaluating the effect of \u03b1-conotoxin TxIB on the morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and its behavioral changes in mice. Our results showed that TxIB inhibited expression and acquisition of morphine-induced CPP and did not produce a rewarding effect by itself. Moreover, repeated injections of TxIB have no effect on learning, memory, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, blocking \u03b16\/\u03b13\u03b22\u03b23 nAChRs inhibits the development of morphine-induced CPP. \u03b1-Conotoxin TxIB may be a potentially useful compound to mitigate the acquisition and\/or retention of drug-context associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.772990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T16:57:02Z","timestamp":1638550622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u03b1-Conotoxin TxIB Inhibits Development of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice via Blocking \u03b16\u03b22* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongting","family":"Zhangsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107729","article-title":"Why Flavored Vape Products May Be Attractive: Green Apple Tobacco Flavor Elicits Reward-Related Behavior, Upregulates nAChRs on VTA Dopamine Neurons, and Alters Midbrain Dopamine and GABA Neuron Function","volume":"158","author":"Avelar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1680-4","article-title":"r-bPiDI, an \u03b16\u03b22* Nicotinic Receptor Antagonist, Decreases Nicotine-Evoked Dopamine Release and Nicotine Reinforcement","volume":"40","author":"Beckmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. 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