{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:38:16Z","timestamp":1772249896664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The exacerbation of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) may lead to poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of endobronchial therapy with gentamicin and dexamethasone after airway clearance by bronchoscopy in the exacerbation of NCFB.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We retrospectively reviewed 2,156 patients with NCFB between January 2015 and June 2016 and 367 consecutive patients with exacerbation of bronchiectasis who had complete data and underwent airway clearance (AC) by bronchoscopy. The final cohort included 181 cases of intratracheal instillation with gentamicin and dexamethasone after AC (a group with airway drugs named the drug group) and 186 cases of AC only (a group without airway drugs named the control group). The last follow-up was on June 30, 2017.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The total cough score and the total symptom score in the drug group were improved compared to those in the control group during 3\u00a0months after discharge (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001). Re-examination of chest HRCT within 4\u20136\u00a0months after discharge revealed that the improvements of peribronchial thickening, the extent of mucous plugging, and the Bhalla score were all significantly improved in the drug group. Moreover, the re-exacerbations in the drug group were significantly decreased within 1\u00a0year after discharge. Univariate analysis showed a highly significant prolongation of the time to first re-exacerbation in bronchiectasis due to treatment with airway drugs compared with that of the control group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of first re-exacerbation in the drug group decreased by 29.7% compared with that of the control group.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Endobronchial therapy with gentamicin and dexamethasone after AC by bronchoscopy is a safe and effective method for treating NCFB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.773241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T05:35:03Z","timestamp":1636608903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endobronchial Therapy With Gentamicin and Dexamethasone After Airway Clearance by Bronchoscopy in Exacerbation of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Real-World Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beijie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xizheng","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siming","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1671-7368.2014.12.011","article-title":"Biapenem in the Treatment of Bronchiectasis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.3.2027992","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis: Scoring System with Thin-Section CT","volume":"179","author":"Bhalla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1575OC","article-title":"The Bronchiectasis Severity index. An International Derivation and Validation Study","volume":"189","author":"Chalmers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.08.013","article-title":"Upregulation of ICAM-1 Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Airway Secretions in Bronchiectasis","volume":"102","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.3_suppl.114s","article-title":"Treatment with Tobramycin Solution for Inhalation in Bronchiectasis Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"120","author":"Couch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200713","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Interventional Bronchoscopy Guideline GroupBritish Thoracic Society Guideline for Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Flexible Bronchoscopy in Adults","volume":"66","author":"Du Rand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203618","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Guideline for Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy in Adults: Accredited by NICEThoacic Society Guideline for Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy in Adults: Accredited by NICE","volume":"68","author":"Du Rand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26394","article-title":"Intratympanic Dexamethasone in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"127","author":"El Sabbagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31767-7","article-title":"Advances in Bronchiectasis: Endotyping, Genetics, Microbiome, and Disease Heterogeneity","volume":"392","author":"Flume","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30427-2","article-title":"Inhaled Liposomal Ciprofloxacin in Patients with Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and Chronic Lung Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ORBIT-3 and ORBIT-4): Two Phase 3, Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"7","author":"Haworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.03.012","article-title":"Characterisation of the Onset and Presenting Clinical Features of Adult Bronchiectasis","volume":"100","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.344","article-title":"Bronchoscopy for Atelectasis in the ICU: a Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"124","author":"Kreider","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008351","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008351.pub3","article-title":"Airway Clearance Techniques for Bronchiectasis","volume":"2015","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00003709","article-title":"Mortality in Bronchiectasis: a Long-Term Study Assessing the Factors Influencing Survival","volume":"34","author":"Loebinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.739","article-title":"Quality-of-life Determinants in Patients with Clinically Stable Bronchiectasis","volume":"128","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0411CI","article-title":"Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis","volume":"188","author":"McShane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201005-0756OC","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Nebulized Gentamicin in Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis","volume":"183","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03712.x","article-title":"Intratracheal Administration of Glucocorticoids Using Surfactant as a Vehicle","volume":"29","author":"Nimmo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0810-z","article-title":"High Resolution Computed Tomography of the Chest in Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Is Simplification of Scoring Systems Feasible?","volume":"18","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136119","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Guideline for Non-CF Bronchiectasis","volume":"65","author":"Pasteur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22544","article-title":"Bronchoscopy Contributes to the Clinical Management of Indigenous Children Newly Diagnosed with Bronchiectasis","volume":"48","author":"Pizzutto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700629","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017","article-title":"European Respiratory Society Guidelines for the Management of Adult Bronchiectasis","volume":"50","author":"Polverino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205918","article-title":"Quality of Life Questionnaire-Bronchiectasis: Final Psychometric Analyses and Determination of Minimal Important Difference Scores","volume":"70","author":"Quittner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.049767","article-title":"Capsaicin Cough Sensitivity in Bronchiectasis","volume":"61","author":"Torrego","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.773241\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T05:35:10Z","timestamp":1636608910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.773241\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2021.773241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.773241","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-645570\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"article-number":"773241"}}