{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T14:09:03Z","timestamp":1770386943865,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH107-M714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH107-M714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is defined as urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence in the absence of an underlying pathological or metabolic cause. Treatment for OAB involves anti-muscarinic agents and beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists. As a previous study showed that treatment may increase the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), we conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study to assess UTI risk associated with OAB medication adherence, and different types of OAB medication.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The source of data was medical records from National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients who were diagnosed with OAB in outpatient records from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were included. Outpatient visits included an attendance at primary care or the emergency department. The index date was the first prescription medication for OAB treatment after diagnosis. The targeted population was those diagnosed with OAB, and targeted drugs were anti-muscarinic agent (including flavoxate, oxybutynin, propiverine, solifenacin, tolterodine, and trospium) and mirabegron. Adherence was assessed based on the proportion of days covered in 12\u00a0months among mirabegron and anti-muscarinic agents. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model was used to compare the risk of UTI with OAB medication adherence, and different types of OAB medication.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> There were 39,975 outpatients diagnosed with OAB in the database from 2014 to 2016. Excluding those younger than 20\u00a0years old and for whom the information was incomplete in the database, 21,869 patients were included in the final OAB cohort. Overall, risk of UTI was not influenced by the targeted drugs or adherence during the follow-up period, regardless of UTI history or sex.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> OAB is a common problem in Taiwan. After 12\u00a0months of follow-up, there was no difference between anticholinergic medications and beta-3 agonists, nor between high and low adherence in the risk of UTI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.803970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T08:21:28Z","timestamp":1643098888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Association Between Urinary Tract Infection and Overactive Bladder Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kuang-Ming","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka-Lok","family":"Lio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ju","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Chun","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052","article-title":"The Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"21","author":"Abrams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.2003","article-title":"Urinary Bladder Contraction and Relaxation: Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"84","author":"Andersson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. 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