{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:43:14Z","timestamp":1783658594018,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Licorice, a herbal product derived from the root of <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic> species, has been used as a sweetening agent and traditional herbal medicine for hundreds of years. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are the most important active ingredients in licorice. Both GL and GA have pharmacological effects against tumors, inflammation, viral infection, liver diseases, neurological diseases, and metabolic diseases. However, they also exhibit differences. KEGG analysis indicated that licorice is involved in neuroactive ligand\u2012receptor interactions, while 18\u03b2-GA is mostly involved in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. In this article, we comprehensively review the therapeutic potential of GL and GA by focusing on their pharmacological effects and working mechanisms. We systemically examine the structure-activity relationship of GL, GA and their isomers. Based on the various pharmacological activities of GL, GA and their isomers, we propose further development of structural derivatives of GA after chemical structure modification, with less cytotoxicity but higher targeting specificity. More research is needed on the clinical applications of licorice and its active ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1001018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T07:11:31Z","timestamp":1665645091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Analysis of the network pharmacology and the structure-activity relationship of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qingqiang","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1179\/135100005X57346","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid on 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion in mice","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0133-1","article-title":"The neuroprotective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"38","author":"Akman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.045","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses inflammation and reduces the increased glucose levels induced by the combination of Porphyromonas gulae and ligature placement in diabetic model mice","volume":"68","author":"Akutagawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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