{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:58:12Z","timestamp":1788044292216,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A common consequence of chronic renal disease is secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and is closely related to the mortality and morbidity of uremia patients. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is caused by excessive PTH production and release, as well as parathyroid enlargement. At present, the mechanism of cell proliferation in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is not completely clear. Decreased expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and 1,25(OH)2D3 insufficiency all lead to a decrease in cell proliferation suppression, and activation of multiple pathways is also involved in cell proliferation in renal hyperparathyroidism. The interaction between the parathormone (PTH) and parathyroid hyperplasia and 1,25(OH)2D3 has received considerable attention. 1,25(OH)2D3 is commonly applied in the therapy of renal hyperparathyroidism. It regulates the production of parathormone (PTH) and parathyroid cell proliferation through transcription and post-transcription mechanisms. This article reviews the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in parathyroid cells in secondary hyperparathyroidism and its current understanding and potential molecular mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1020858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T07:57:30Z","timestamp":1664870250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mechanism of calcitriol regulating parathyroid cells in secondary hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zeli","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxiu","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Die","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2007111216","article-title":"Activator protein 2alpha mediates parathyroid TGF-alpha self-induction in secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"19","author":"Arcidiacono","year":"","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2007040406","article-title":"EGFR activation increases parathyroid hyperplasia and calcitriol resistance in kidney disease.","volume":"19","author":"Arcidiacono","year":"","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24847","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200187200","article-title":"A vitamin D receptor-Ser\/Thr phosphatase-p70 S6 kinase complex and modulation of its enzymatic activities by the ligand","volume":"277","author":"Bettoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2017.07.013","article-title":"Current controversies: Are free vitamin metabolite levels a more accurate assessment of vitamin D status than total levels?","volume":"46","author":"Bikle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.4.7895652","article-title":"The roles of calcium and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the regulation of vitamin D receptor expression by rat parathyroid glands","volume":"136","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/366575a0","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of an extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor from bovine parathyroid","volume":"366","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.02.006","article-title":"Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in extracellular calcium homeostasis","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30337","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201804200","article-title":"Human calcium-sensing receptor gene. Vitamin D response elements in promoters P1 and P2 confer transcriptional responsiveness to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D","volume":"277","author":"Canaff","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/361657a0","article-title":"Two nuclear signalling pathways for vitamin D","volume":"361","author":"Carlberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12399-9","article-title":"Phosphate acts directly on the calcium-sensing receptor to stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion","volume":"10","author":"Centeno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19450","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.467670","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor inhibits nuclear factor \u03baB activation by interacting with I\u03baB kinase \u03b2 protein","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi254","article-title":"Vitamin D decreases NFkappaB activity by increasing IkappaBalpha levels","volume":"21","author":"Cohen-Lahav","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol. dialysis, Transplant. official Publ. Eur. Dialysis Transpl. Assoc. - Eur. Ren. Assoc."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38965","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203736200","article-title":"1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D down-regulates cell membrane growth- and nuclear growth-promoting signals by the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"277","author":"Cordero","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021356","article-title":"Increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase and reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase expression in parathyroid tumors--new prospects for treatment of hyperparathyroidism with vitamin d","volume":"87","author":"Correa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00042.x","article-title":"p21WAF1 and TGF-alpha mediate parathyroid growth arrest by vitamin D and high calcium","volume":"60","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.061","article-title":"1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D downregulation of TGFalpha\/EGFR expression and growth signaling: A mechanism for the antiproliferative actions of the sterol in parathyroid hyperplasia of renal failure","author":"Dusso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.059003855.x","article-title":"p21(WAF1) and transforming growth factor-alpha mediate dietary phosphate regulation of parathyroid cell growth","volume":"59","author":"Dusso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.02.018","article-title":"Hypomorphic expression of parathyroid Bmal1 disrupts the internal parathyroid circadian clock and increases parathyroid cell proliferation in response to uremia","volume":"101","author":"Egstrand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.06.034","article-title":"A molecular circadian clock operates in the parathyroid gland and is disturbed in chronic kidney disease associated bone and mineral disorder","volume":"98","author":"Egstrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717754115","article-title":"Interrelated role of Klotho and calcium-sensing receptor in parathyroid hormone synthesis and parathyroid hyperplasia","volume":"115","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.110","article-title":"Regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis in chronic renal failure in rats","volume":"39","author":"Fukagawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1172\/jci116720","article-title":"Decreased 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor density is associated with a more severe form of parathyroid hyperplasia in chronic uremic patients","volume":"92","author":"Fukuda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e328303e172","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 acts on the parathyroid to decrease parathyroid hormone secretion","volume":"17","author":"Galitzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000037676.54018.cb","article-title":"Regulation of parathyroid vitamin D receptor expression by extracellular calcium","volume":"13","author":"Garfia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100521","article-title":"Potential anti-aging agents suppress the level of constitutive mTOR- and DNA damage- signaling","volume":"4","author":"Halicka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030135","article-title":"The non-genomic actions of vitamin D","volume":"8","author":"Hii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.215","article-title":"Increased parathyroid expression of klotho in uremic rats","volume":"78","author":"Hofman-Bang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-0530-2","article-title":"NF-\u03baB activation contributes to parathyroid cell proliferation in chronic kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Kan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.04.001","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15300","article-title":"Post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating parathyroid hormone gene expression in secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"287","author":"Kilav-Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0231","article-title":"1Alpha, 25(OH)2D3-induced transrepression by vitamin D receptor through E-box-type elements in the human parathyroid hormone gene promoter","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.414","article-title":"Depressed expression of Klotho and FGF receptor 1 in hyperplastic parathyroid glands from uremic patients","volume":"77","author":"Komaba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198706183162504","article-title":"Reduced binding of [3H]1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the parathyroid glands of patients with renal failure","volume":"316","author":"Korkor","year":"1987","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.260","article-title":"Parathyroid Klotho and FGF-receptor 1 expression decline with renal function in hyperparathyroid patients with chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients","volume":"78","author":"Krajisnik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.30.7.9993","article-title":"Tissue-selective regulation of aromatase expression by calcitriol: Implications for breast cancer therapy.","volume":"30","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9881-6","article-title":"Involvement of \u03b1-klotho, fibroblast growth factor-vitamin-D- and calcium-sensing receptor in 53 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"44","author":"Latus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20130156","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and the cell cycle","volume":"42","author":"Ledoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00056.x","article-title":"Autoregulation in the parathyroid glands by PTH\/PTHrP receptor ligands in normal and uremic rats","volume":"64","author":"Lewin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000024439.38838.03","article-title":"Persistent downregulation of calcium-sensing receptor mRNA in rat parathyroids when severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is reversed by an isogenic kidney transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Lewin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.448","article-title":"Reversibility of experimental secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"52","author":"Lewin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12505","article-title":"Effect of active vitamin D on cardiovascular outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol. Carlt. Vic.)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bqab084","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab084","article-title":"Local NF-\u03baB activation promotes parathyroid hormone synthesis and secretion in uremic patients","volume":"162","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1517\/17425250802587017","article-title":"Cinacalcet: Pharmacological and clinical aspects","volume":"4","author":"Messa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr589","article-title":"Cinacalcet HCl prevents development of parathyroid gland hyperplasia and reverses established parathyroid gland hyperplasia in a rodent model of CKD","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. dialysis, Transplant. official Publ. Eur. Dialysis Transpl. Assoc. - Eur. Ren. Assoc."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7917","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-05-1435","article-title":"Regulation of prostaglandin metabolism by calcitriol attenuates growth stimulation in prostate cancer cells.","volume":"65","author":"Moreno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1172\/jci114931","article-title":"Regulation of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene expression by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the parathyroid in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Naveh-Many","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.8.1923","article-title":"Tricking the parathyroid gland with novel calcimimetic agents","volume":"13","author":"Nemeth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol. dialysis, Transplant. official Publ. Eur. Dialysis Transpl. Assoc. - Eur. Ren. Assoc."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.02.008","article-title":"Calcimimetic and calcilytic drugs for treating bone and mineral-related disorders","volume":"27","author":"Nemeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)69191-4","article-title":"5'-flanking region of the parathyroid hormone gene mediates negative regulation by 1, 25-(OH)2 vitamin D3","volume":"263","author":"Okazaki","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200102028","article-title":"Vitamin D(3) promotes the differentiation of colon carcinoma cells by the induction of E-cadherin and the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling","volume":"154","author":"P\u00e1lmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2083","article-title":"Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function","volume":"8","author":"Perkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3146","article-title":"Let-7 microRNAs target the lineage-specific transcription factor PLZF to regulate terminal NKT cell differentiation and effector function","volume":"16","author":"Pobezinsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i7","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfm038","article-title":"The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Riccardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"NDT plus"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.01.010","article-title":"Distribution and regulation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1\u03b1-hydroxylase in human parathyroid glands","volume":"130","author":"Ritter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.11.1828","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor interactions with the rat parathyroid hormone gene: Synergistic effects between two negative vitamin D response elements","volume":"14","author":"Russell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300074","article-title":"1, 25(OH)2-vitamin D3 enhances the stimulating effect of leucine and insulin on protein synthesis rate through Akt\/PKB and mTOR mediated pathways in murine C2C12 skeletal myotubes","volume":"57","author":"Salles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00330.x","article-title":"Progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism involves deregulation of genes related to DNA and RNA stability","volume":"67","author":"Santamar\u00eda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj460","article-title":"Regulation of the human p21(waf1\/cip1) gene promoter via multiple binding sites for p53 and the vitamin D3 receptor","volume":"34","author":"Saram\u00e4ki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8604","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase expression in normal and pathological parathyroid glands","volume":"87","author":"Segersten","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.8.0148","article-title":"Calreticulin inhibits vitamin D's action on the PTH gene in vitro and may prevent vitamin D's effect in vivo in hypocalcemic rats","volume":"12","author":"Sela-Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016050585","article-title":"Let-7 and MicroRNA-148 regulate parathyroid hormone levels in secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"28","author":"Shilo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3757","article-title":"Making new contacts: The mTOR network in metabolism and signalling crosstalk","volume":"15","author":"Shimobayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.17749","article-title":"Effect of oral alfacalcidol on clinical outcomes in patients without secondary hyperparathyroidism receiving maintenance hemodialysis: The J-DAVID randomized clinical trial","volume":"320","author":"Shoji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2007060666","article-title":"Paricalcitol inhibits renal inflammation by promoting vitamin D receptor-mediated sequestration of NF-kappaB signaling","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001549","article-title":"Persistent hyperparathyroidism in renal allograft recipients: vitamin D receptor, calcium-sensing receptor, and apoptosis","volume":"70","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2002.kid585.x","article-title":"Reduced p21, p27 and vitamin D receptor in the nodular hyperplasia in patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"62","author":"Tokumoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900113","article-title":"Clonal analysis of nodular parathyroid hyperplasia in renal hyperparathyroidism","volume":"20","author":"Tominaga","year":"1996","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2010.05.031","article-title":"The down-regulation of the human MYC gene by the nuclear hormone 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with cycling of corepressors and histone deacetylases","volume":"400","author":"Toropainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05315","article-title":"Klotho converts canonical FGF receptor into a specific receptor for FGF23","volume":"444","author":"Urakawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.11.009","article-title":"Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and IkappaB proteins: Implications in cancer and inflammation","volume":"30","author":"Viatour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends biochem. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015040339","article-title":"Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 mediates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1-induced parathyroid cell proliferation in secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"27","author":"Volovelsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2013010103","article-title":"Effect of paricalcitol on left ventricular mass and function in CKD--the OPERA trial","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20082","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(19)88668-4","article-title":"Up-regulation of the vitamin D receptor in response to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 results from ligand-induced stabilization","volume":"267","author":"Wiese","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy194","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 mediates the effect of cyclooxygenase 2 on secondary parathyroid hyperplasia in end-stage renal disease","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol. dialysis, Transplant. official Publ. Eur. Dialysis Transpl. Assoc. - Eur. Ren. Assoc."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2010060594","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase 2 promotes parathyroid hyperplasia in ESRD","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1020858\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T07:57:32Z","timestamp":1664870252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1020858\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2022.1020858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1020858","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"article-number":"1020858"}}