{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:43:04Z","timestamp":1776184984929,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antipyretic (heat-clearing) and diaphoretic (exterior-releasing) drugs are two main groups of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) possessing anti-microbes and anti-inflammation effects, with the former mainly through clearing pyrogens while the latter through promoting diaphoresis. Although anti-microorganism is a common action of these two kinds of TCMs, their difference in antimicrobial spectrums and their interactions when combinedly used remain unclear. Herein, we prepared aqueous extracts from <jats:italic>Coptis chinensis<\/jats:italic> (HL) and other antipyretic or diaphoretic TCMs, orally administrated them to C57BL\/6 mice at a clinical dose for fourteen days, and analyzed their impaction on both gut bacteria and fungi using full-length 16\u00a0S rRNA gene sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 1\/2 (ITS1\/2) gene sequencing, respectively. Oral administration of HL significantly changed the structure of gut bacteria but showed little influence on gut fungi. Co-treatment with antipyretic or diaphoretic TCMs alleviated the impact of HL on gut bacteria to a similar degree. However, combined with either heat-clearing or exterior-releasing TCMs significantly strengthened the influence of HL on gut fungi, with the latter superior to the former. The antipyretic TCMs enriched <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> spp. while diaphoretic TCMs promoted <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> spp. Further analysis revealed that the diaphoretic TCMs-enriched fungi <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> spp. were positively related to <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> spp., a beneficial bacterium that interacts with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and regulates thermogenesis, thus providing a potential linkage with their pro-diaphoresis effect. Together, our results reveal that gut fungi differentially respond to the impact of heat-clearing and exterior-releasing TCMs on <jats:italic>Coptis chinensis<\/jats:italic>-conditioned gut microbiota, which provides insights into their functional characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1032919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T07:25:00Z","timestamp":1668756300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gut fungi differentially response to the antipyretic (heat-clearing) and diaphoretic (exterior-releasing) traditional Chinese medicines in Coptis chinensis-conditioned gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaopo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chongming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7489","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8489","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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