{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:24:35Z","timestamp":1792027475395,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The highest density of microbes resides in human gastrointestinal tract, known as \u201cGut microbiome\u201d. Of note, the members of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    that belong to phyla Firmicutes are the most important probiotic bacteria of the gut microbiome. These gut-residing\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species not only communicate with each other but also with the gut epithelial lining to balance the gut barrier integrity, mucosal barrier defence and ameliorate the host immune responses. The human body suffers from several inflammatory diseases affecting the gut, lungs, heart, bone or neural tissues. Mounting evidence supports the significant role of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and their components (such as metabolites, peptidoglycans, and\/or surface proteins) in modulatingimmune responses, primarily through exchange of immunological signals between gastrointestinal tract and distant organs. This bidirectional crosstalk which is mediated by\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. promotes anti-inflammatory response, thereby supporting the improvement of symptoms pertaining to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, alzheimer\u2019s disease, parkinson\u2019s disease), cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic infections in patients. The metabolic disorders, obesity and diabetes are characterized by a low-grade inflammation. Genus\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleviates metabolic disorders by regulating the oxidative stress response and inflammatory pathways. Osteoporosis is also associated with bone inflammation and resorption. The\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and their metabolites act as powerful immune cell controllers and exhibit a regulatory role in bone resorption and formation, supporting bone health. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in alleviating inflammatory diseases pertaining to different organs from animal and clinical trials. The present narrative review explores in detail the complex interactions between the gut-dwelling\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and the immune components in distant organs to promote host\u2019s health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1042189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T05:32:56Z","timestamp":1666589576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Gut microbiome and human health: Exploring how the probiotic genus Lactobacillus modulate immune responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sonakshi","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09838-9","article-title":"In vitro assessment of lactobacillus crispatus UBLCp01, lactobacillus gasseri UBLG36, and lactobacillus johnsonii UBLJ01 as a potential vaginal probiotic candidate","author":"Ahire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. 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