{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:52:14Z","timestamp":1790812334156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    No drug options exist for skeletal muscle atrophy in clinical, which poses a huge socio-economic burden, making development on drug interventions a general wellbeing need. Patients with a variety of pathologic conditions associated with skeletal muscle atrophy have systemically elevated inflammatory factors. Morroniside, derived from medicinal herb\n                    <jats:italic>Cornus officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , possesses anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether and how morroniside combat muscle atrophy remain unknown. Here, we identified crucial genetic associations between TNF\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB pathway and grip strength based on population using 377,807 European participants from the United Kingdom Biobank dataset. Denervation increased TNF\u03b1 in atrophying skeletal muscles, which inhibited myotube formation\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Notably, morroniside treatment rescued TNF\u03b1-induced myotube atrophy\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and impeded skeletal muscle atrophy\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , resulting in increased body\/muscles weights, No. of satellite cells, size of type IIA, IIX and IIB myofibers, and percentage of type IIA myofibers in denervated mice. Mechanistically,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\/or\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies demonstrated that morroniside could not only inhibit canonical and non-canonical NF-\u03baB, inflammatory mediators (IL6, IL-1b, CRP, NIRP3, PTGS2, TNF\u03b1), but also down-regulate protein degradation signals (Follistatin, Myostatin, ALK4\/5\/7, Smad7\/3), ubiquitin-proteasome molecules (FoxO3, Atrogin-1, MuRF1), autophagy-lysosomal molecules (Bnip3, LC3A, and LC3B), while promoting protein synthesis signals (IGF-1\/IGF-1R\/IRS-1\/PI3K\/Akt, and BMP14\/BMPR2\/ALK2\/3\/Smad5\/9). Moreover, morroniside had no obvious liver and kidney toxicity. This human genetic, cells and mice pathological evidence indicates that morroniside is an efficacious and safe inflammatory muscle atrophy treatment and suggests its translational potential on muscle wasting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1056460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:56:25Z","timestamp":1671756985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Morroniside ameliorates inflammatory skeletal muscle atrophy via inhibiting canonical and non-canonical NF-\u03baB and regulating protein synthesis\/degradation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiangjiao","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taotao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongting","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hou-Feng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peijian","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Muscle fiber type composition and morphometric properties of denervated rat extensor digitorum longus muscle","volume":"41","author":"Bobinac","year":"2000","journal-title":"Croat. 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