{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:52:16Z","timestamp":1788385936151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>About 230 million people worldwide suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and the prevalence is increasing year by year. Multiple risk factors, including smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, can contribute to the development of PAD. PAD is typically characterized by intermittent claudication and resting pain, and there is a risk of severe limb ischemia, leading to major adverse limb events, such as amputation. Currently, a major progress in the research field of the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling, including atherosclerosis and neointima hyperplasia has been made. For example, the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle phenotype switching have been described. Interestingly, a series of focused studies on fibroblasts of the vessel wall has demonstrated their impact on smooth muscle proliferation and even endothelial function via cell-cell communications. In this review, we aim to focus on the functional changes of peripheral arterial cells and the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PAD. At the same time, we summarize the progress of the current clinical treatment and potential therapeutic methods for PAD and shine a light on future perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1078047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T08:25:37Z","timestamp":1669883137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Peripheral vascular remodeling during ischemia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shigang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoran","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142315","article-title":"Epigenetic control of smooth muscle cell differentiation and phenotypic switching in vascular development and disease","volume":"74","author":"Alexander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.049","article-title":"The effect of novel cardiovascular risk factors on the ethnic-specific odds for peripheral arterial disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"48","author":"Allison","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871","article-title":"The functions of animal microRNAs","volume":"431","author":"Ambros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025024","article-title":"Smoking: A dual pathogen for arterial and venous thrombosis","volume":"135","author":"Anand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp026","article-title":"Vascular endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 mediates vascular inflammation and neointima formation following blood flow cessation","volume":"82","author":"Anggrahini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00050.2012","article-title":"Osteopontin is an endogenous modulator of the constitutively activated phenotype of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"303","author":"Anwar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.79.4.794","article-title":"Endothelin peptide and receptors in human atherosclerotic coronary artery and aorta","volume":"79","author":"Bacon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.336","article-title":"Foxm1 transcription factor is required for lung fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"32","author":"Balli","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2003","article-title":"Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions: Molecular organization and role in vascular homeostasis","volume":"84","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2005","article-title":"The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: Physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"87","author":"Bedard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.12.002","article-title":"TNF and ROS crosstalk in inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Blaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9988","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.64229","article-title":"Exosome-mediated delivery of inflammation-responsive Il-10 mRNA for controlled atherosclerosis treatment","volume":"11","author":"Bu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(03)00233-5","article-title":"The vascular NAD(P)H oxidases as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/35000025","article-title":"The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression","volume":"2","author":"Cano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/74651","article-title":"Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-00300-0","article-title":"The epigenetic basis of cellular heterogeneity","volume":"22","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3631","article-title":"Adventitia-derived hydrogen peroxide impairs relaxation of the rat carotid artery via smooth muscle cell p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"15","author":"Cascino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.88.5.2149","article-title":"Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults","volume":"88","author":"Celermajer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000198424.93598.6b","article-title":"A role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-myc in endothelin-dependent rat aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00294","article-title":"Endothelial to mesenchymal transition represents a key link in the interaction between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08195","article-title":"miR-145 and miR-143 regulate smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity","volume":"460","author":"Cordes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2020.08.125","article-title":"Literature review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of cilostazol on limb salvage rates after infrainguinal endovascular and open revascularization","volume":"73","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105599","article-title":"Suppression of apoptosis in vascular endothelial cell, the promising way for natural medicines to treat atherosclerosis","volume":"168","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.083","article-title":"Mortality benefit of rivaroxaban plus aspirin in patients with chronic coronary or peripheral artery disease","volume":"78","author":"Eikelboom","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2031360","article-title":"Drug-coated devices for peripheral arterial disease","volume":"384","author":"Farb","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61249-0","article-title":"Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: A systematic review and analysis","volume":"382","author":"Fowkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1427","article-title":"The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases","volume":"200","author":"Gabbiani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.016","article-title":"Caloric restriction induces H2O2 formation as a trigger of AMPK-eNOS-NO pathway in obese rats: Role for CAMKII","volume":"139","author":"Garcia-Prieto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000038147.93527.35","article-title":"Expression profiling identifies 147 genes contributing to a unique primate neointimal smooth muscle cell phenotype","volume":"22","author":"Geary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44638","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203012200","article-title":"Extracellular ATP is an autocrine\/paracrine regulator of hypoxia-induced adventitial fibroblast growth. Signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1\/2 and the Egr-1 transcription factor","volume":"277","author":"Gerasimovskaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e726","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000471","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00663-9","article-title":"Update on the pathophysiology and medical treatment of peripheral artery disease","volume":"19","author":"Golledge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs115","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in atherosclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Gomez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.305044","article-title":"Epigenetic control of smooth muscle cell identity and lineage memory","volume":"35","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-014-1079-8","article-title":"p27kip1 overexpression regulates VEGF expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in cell culture from eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis","volume":"20","author":"Goncalves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.307012","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species can provide atheroprotection via NOX4-dependent inhibition of inflammation and vascular remodeling","volume":"36","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.132159","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 1 plays a key role in diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis","volume":"127","author":"Gray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960716","article-title":"Cell therapy for critical limb ischemia: Moving forward one step at a time","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9150(99)00178-1","article-title":"Endothelin-1 stimulates proliferation of human coronary smooth muscle cells via the ET(A) receptor and is co-mitogenic with growth factors","volume":"146","author":"Hafizi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.881888","article-title":"Exercise rehabilitation in peripheral artery disease: Functional impact and mechanisms of benefits","volume":"123","author":"Hamburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000090130.85752.ED","article-title":"Arterial smooth muscle cell heterogeneity: Implications for atherosclerosis and restenosis development","volume":"23","author":"Hao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315322","article-title":"Fibroblast Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) regulates ANG II (angiotensin II)-Induced vascular remodeling and hypertension via paracrine signaling to vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"41","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.022","article-title":"Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by cilostazol via a cAMP\/protein kinase A- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt-dependent mechanism","volume":"189","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.160176","article-title":"Role of TRPM2 channel in mediating H2O2-induced Ca2+ entry and endothelial hyperpermeability","volume":"102","author":"Hecquet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(02)00754-7","article-title":"Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand","volume":"109","author":"Heissig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-21-3","article-title":"Shear-induced endothelial mechanotransduction: The interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and the pathophysiological implications","volume":"21","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.221176","article-title":"Adventitial biology: Differentiation and function","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.22.4324","article-title":"Temporally-controlled site-specific mutagenesis in the basal layer of the epidermis: Comparison of the recombinase activity of the tamoxifen-inducible cre-ER(T) and cre-ER(T2) recombinases","volume":"27","author":"Indra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(99)00042-4","article-title":"Endothelin-1 enhances vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated vascular endothelial cells","volume":"369","author":"Ishizuka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316021","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell-specific PKM2 (pyruvate kinase muscle 2) promotes smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and neointimal hyperplasia","volume":"41","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.114","article-title":"miR-449a induces EndMT, promotes the development of atherosclerosis by targeting the interaction between AdipoR2 and E-cadherin in Lipid Rafts","volume":"109","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2007.06.002","article-title":"Expression and function of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (Flt-1 and Flk-1) in vascular adventitial fibroblasts","volume":"43","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.4928","article-title":"Review of the global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia","volume":"155","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H24","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00799.2009","article-title":"Direct evidence of a role for Nox2 in superoxide production, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and early atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-\/- mice","volume":"298","author":"Judkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43000","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510441200","article-title":"Proliferation of pulmonary interstitial fibroblasts is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1-induced release of extracellular fibroblast growth factor-2 and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK","volume":"280","author":"Khalil","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.08.041","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase-A is indispensable for vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration","volume":"492","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6363(98)00143-6","article-title":"Endothelin and restenosis","volume":"39","author":"Kirchengast","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.089","article-title":"Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"73","author":"Kovacic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9762959","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9762959","article-title":"Endothelial plasticity: Shifting phenotypes through force feedback","volume":"2016","author":"Krenning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X19867393","article-title":"Healthy diet and fiber intake are associated with decreased risk of incident symptomatic peripheral artery disease - a prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Kulezic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.103.9.1282","article-title":"Endothelial regulation of vasomotion in apoE-deficient mice: Implications for interactions between peroxynitrite and tetrahydrobiopterin","volume":"103","author":"Laursen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42487","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42487","article-title":"Suppression of TAK1 pathway by shear stress counteracts the inflammatory endothelial cell phenotype induced by oxidative stress and TGF-\u03b21","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.101.12.1362","article-title":"Direct in vivo evidence demonstrating neointimal migration of adventitial fibroblasts after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.04.016","article-title":"Thrombin-activated platelet-derived exosomes regulate endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 via microRNA-223 during the thrombosis-inflammation response","volume":"154","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.255216","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced osteopontin expression mediates vascular inflammation and neointima formation via Flt-1 in adventitial fibroblasts","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0023-y","article-title":"Reassessing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.320694","article-title":"Tenascin-X mediates flow-induced suppression of EndMT and atherosclerosis","volume":"130","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19641","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.630111","article-title":"STAT3 protein regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch by interaction with myocardin","volume":"290","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315681","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cell subpopulations and neointimal formation in mouse models of elastin insufficiency","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3630","article-title":"PKM2 methylation by CARM1 activates aerobic glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300645","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 is a novel negative regulatory switch for the vascular smooth muscle cell contractile gene program","volume":"33","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.084186","article-title":"MicroRNA-145 targeted therapy reduces atherosclerosis","volume":"126","author":"Lovren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.19.2434","article-title":"Endothelins and endothelin receptor antagonists: Therapeutic considerations for a novel class of cardiovascular drugs","volume":"102","author":"Luscher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.171561","article-title":"Key role of 15-lipoxygenase\/15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in pulmonary vascular remodeling and vascular angiogenesis associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"58","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2634","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092634","article-title":"Dietary Glycine prevents folfox chemotherapy-induced Heart injury: A colorectal cancer liver metastasis treatment model in rats","volume":"12","author":"Maneikyte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29356","article-title":"MKL1 mediates TGF-beta-induced CTGF transcription to promote renal fibrosis","volume":"235","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106205","article-title":"Phloretin ameliorates diabetes-induced endothelial injury through AMPK-dependent anti-EndMT pathway","volume":"179","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2536","article-title":"Effect of low-intensity vs high-intensity home-based walking exercise on walk distance in patients with peripheral artery disease: The LITE randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Mcdermott","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.97.25.2551","article-title":"Selective ET(A) receptor antagonism reduces neointimal hyperplasia in a porcine coronary stent model","volume":"97","author":"Mckenna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101500","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b22 promotes Snail-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition through convergence of Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signalling","volume":"437","author":"Medici","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.61.1.391","article-title":"Pathophysiology of endothelin in the cardiovascular system","volume":"61","author":"Miyauchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E58","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000012569.55432.02","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin II infusion on the expression and function of NAD(P)H oxidase and components of nitric oxide\/cGMP signaling","volume":"90","author":"Mollnau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv175","article-title":"Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to fibro-proliferative vascular disease and is modulated by fluid shear stress","volume":"108","author":"Moonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000017265.52501.37","article-title":"Intimomedial interface damage and adventitial inflammation is increased beneath disrupted atherosclerosis in the aorta: Implications for plaque vulnerability","volume":"105","author":"Moreno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2013.12.004","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway abnormalities in tenascin-X deficiency associated with CAH-X syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Morissette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2017.1364324","article-title":"Flow pattern-dependent endothelial cell responses through transcriptional regulation","volume":"16","author":"Nakajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Cycle"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.88.3.837","article-title":"Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular health study. Cardiovascular Heart study (CHS) collaborative research group","volume":"88","author":"Newman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.314855","article-title":"Recipient c-kit lineage cells repopulate smooth muscle cells of transplant arteriosclerosis in mouse models","volume":"125","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4301.097195","article-title":"Perivascular inflammation after balloon angioplasty of porcine coronary arteries","volume":"104","author":"Okamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2003","article-title":"Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease","volume":"84","author":"Owens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115602","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of a glutamine antagonist on proliferation and migration of VSMCs via simultaneous attenuation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X14559092","article-title":"Exercise training for health-related quality of life in peripheral artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Parmenter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.101.5.524","article-title":"Characteristics of coronary smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts","volume":"101","author":"Patel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(97)00904-1","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S)","volume":"81","author":"Pedersen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C574","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00275.2012","article-title":"Expression of conventional and novel glucose transporters, GLUT1, -9, -10, and -12, in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"304","author":"Pyla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.317021","article-title":"Aortic neointimal formation: The role of elastin in conjunction with vascular smooth muscle cell origin","volume":"41","author":"Rebello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez378","article-title":"The rheumatoid synovial environment alters fatty acid metabolism in human monocytes and enhances CCL20 secretion","volume":"59","author":"Rodgers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.04.016","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of beta-catenin prevents EndMT in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo resulting from endothelial Akt1 suppression","volume":"164","author":"Sabbineni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8418","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26801","article-title":"Isoform-specific effects of transforming growth factor beta on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"233","author":"Sabbineni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.269811","article-title":"Cooperative binding of KLF4, pELK-1, and HDAC2 to a G\/C repressor element in the SM22\u03b1 promoter mediates transcriptional silencing during SMC phenotypic switching in vivo","volume":"111","author":"Salmon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5193","article-title":"Inflammation induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes vascular calcification through downregulation of BMPR2","volume":"247","author":"Sanchez-Duffhues","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.756106","article-title":"Cyclophilin A mediates vascular remodeling by promoting inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"117","author":"Satoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.144824","article-title":"Osteopontin: A multifunctional molecule regulating chronic inflammation and vascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Scatena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101669","article-title":"Oxidation of HDAC4 by Nox4-derived H2O2 maintains tube formation by endothelial cells","volume":"36","author":"Schader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.267054","article-title":"Nox4 is a protective reactive oxygen species generating vascular NADPH oxidase","volume":"110","author":"Schroder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000137913.26087.F0","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2000","volume":"110","author":"Selvin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586895","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.586895","article-title":"Knockdown of LncRNA-H19 ameliorates kidney fibrosis in diabetic mice by suppressing miR-29a-mediated EndMT","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000126049.79800.CA","article-title":"Extracellular matrix glycoprotein biglycan enhances vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration","volume":"94","author":"Shimizu-Hirota","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000022200.71892.9f","article-title":"Role of Akt signaling in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Shiojima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047994","article-title":"Temporal changes in secondary prevention and cardiovascular outcomes after revascularization for peripheral arterial disease in Denmark: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"143","author":"Sogaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.06.069","article-title":"Statin use and lower extremity amputation risk in nonelderly diabetic patients","volume":"58","author":"Sohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e721","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30117-0","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. Glob. Health"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9052","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27583","article-title":"Foxm1 is a critical driver of TGF-beta-induced EndMT in endothelial cells through Smad2\/3 and binds to the Snail promoter","volume":"234","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318153fdcb","article-title":"Progenitor cell therapy in patients with critical limb ischemia without surgical options","volume":"247","author":"Sprengers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.015","article-title":"Joint statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Vascular Medicine focuses on patients with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"340","author":"Stock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093710","article-title":"The emerging functions and mechanisms of mammalian fatty acid-binding proteins","volume":"28","author":"Storch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.221242","article-title":"Upregulation of Nox4 by TGF{beta}1 oxidizes SERCA and inhibits NO in arterial smooth muscle of the prediabetic Zucker rat","volume":"107","author":"Tong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.11.013","article-title":"Role of smooth muscle Nox4-based NADPH oxidase in neointimal hyperplasia","volume":"89","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00770-1","article-title":"Vascular endothelial cell development and diversity","author":"Trimm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000243210.79654.fd","article-title":"Stem cell factor deficiency is vasculoprotective: Unraveling a new therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270033","article-title":"Origin and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"593","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.020","article-title":"Differential effects of diabetes on the expression of the gp91phox homologues nox1 and nox4","volume":"39","author":"Wendt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000597","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"138","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001676","article-title":"Endovascular versus open revascularization for peripheral arterial disease","volume":"265","author":"Wiseman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab788","article-title":"FABP3 overexpression promotes vascular fibrosis in Takayasu's arteritis by enhancing fatty acid oxidation in aorta adventitial fibroblasts","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101137","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle-MAPK14 is required for neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing VSMC differentiation and inducing proliferation and inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0257-3","article-title":"Nicotine promotes atherosclerosis via ROS-NLRP3-mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13280","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13280","article-title":"PKM2-dependent glycolysis promotes NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.11.073","article-title":"Adventitial fibroblasts are activated in the early stages of atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse","volume":"352","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9303","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27207","article-title":"MicroRNA-19 restores vascular endothelial cell function in lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury through the KLF10-dependent TGF-\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway in rats","volume":"119","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71104","article-title":"Sustained activation of SMAD3\/SMAD4 by FOXM1 promotes TGF-beta-dependent cancer metastasis","volume":"124","author":"Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/332411a0","article-title":"A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells","volume":"332","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311819","article-title":"Lactate promotes synthetic phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"121","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.70","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms in neurogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02205","article-title":"Platelet-derived exosomal MicroRNA-25-3p inhibits coronary vascular endothelial cell inflammation through Adam10 via the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in ApoE-\/- mice","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0588-3","article-title":"Genistein protects against ox-LDL-induced inflammation through MicroRNA-155\/SOCS1-mediated repression of NF-kB signaling pathway in HUVECs","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-015-0174-3","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21\/FGF-2 signaling mediates the 15-HETE-induced differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313058","article-title":"Role of resident stem cells in vessel formation and arteriosclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.01.015","article-title":"STAT3-mediated MMP-2 expression is required for 15-HETE-induced vascular adventitial fibroblast migration","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.031","article-title":"Exosome-mediated miR-155 transfer from smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells induces endothelial injury and promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303422","article-title":"Shear stress-initiated signaling and its regulation of endothelial function","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1078047\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T08:25:41Z","timestamp":1669883141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1078047\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":143,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2022.1078047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1078047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"article-number":"1078047"}}