{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:42:46Z","timestamp":1781631766494,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014137","name":"Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018625","name":"Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Pingchan granule (PCG) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of PCG for motor and non-motor symptoms of PD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 292 participants with mild-to-moderate PD were included and followed for 36\u00a0weeks (24\u00a0week treatment, 12-week follow-up after intervention), randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive PCG or placebo. The primary outcomes included the severity of motor symptoms assessed by the Unified Parkinson\u2019s disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part 3 (UPDRS-III) score and the rate of disease progression assessed by the total UPDRS score. Secondary outcomes included non-motor symptoms assessed using the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson\u2019s Disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), Parkinson\u2019s disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), UPDRS part 2 (UPDRS-II), and 39-item Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) scores. Assessments were done at baseline (T0), 12\u00a0weeks (T1), 24\u00a0weeks (T2), and 36\u00a0weeks (T3).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that the PCG group had significantly better improvement in UPDRS-III score at T1, T2, and T3 [time-by-group interaction, T1: \u03b2, \u22120.92 (95% CI, \u22121.59\u2013\u22120.25; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01); T2: \u03b2, \u22122.08 (95% CI, \u22122.90\u2013\u22121.27; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001); T3: \u03b2, \u22124.54 (95% CI, \u22125.37\u2013\u22123.71; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001))]. The PCG group showed a greater decrease (rate of disease change) in the total UPDRS score between T0 and T2 [\u22122.23 (95% CI, \u22122.72\u2013\u22121.73; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) points per week vs<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> \u22120.21 (95% CI, \u22120.80\u20130.39; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.50) points per week in the placebo group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001]. Ameliorations of SCOPA-AUT, PDSS, HAM-D, HAM-A, UPDRS-II, and PDQ-39 scores were also observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> PCG had a long-lasting and extensive symptomatic efficacy for both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD with good tolerance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial registration:<\/jats:bold> Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-INR-17011949.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.739194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T06:49:55Z","timestamp":1645771795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pingchan Granule for Motor Symptoms and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Si-Chun","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-De","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Rong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Guo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can-Xing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1090","article-title":"Frequency of Levodopa-Related Dyskinesias and Motor Fluctuations as Estimated from the Cumulative Literature","volume":"16","author":"Ahlskog","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov. 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