{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:53:32Z","timestamp":1789451612864,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis (BPS\/IC) is a debilitating pain syndrome of unknown etiology that predominantly affects females. Clinically, BPS\/IC presents in a wide spectrum where all patients report severe bladder pain together with one or more urinary tract symptoms. On bladder examination, some have normal-appearing bladders on cystoscopy, whereas others may have severely inflamed bladder walls with easily bleeding areas (glomerulations) and ulcerations (Hunner\u2019s lesion). Thus, the reported prevalence of BPS\/IC is also highly variable, between 0.06% and 30%. Nevertheless, it is rightly defined as a rare disease (ORPHA:37202). The aetiopathogenesis of BPS\/IC remains largely unknown. Current treatment is mainly symptomatic and palliative, which certainly adds to the suffering of patients. BPS\/IC is known to have a genetic component. However, the genes responsible are not defined yet. In addition to traditional genetic approaches, novel research methodologies involving bioinformatics are evaluated to elucidate the genetic basis of BPS\/IC. This article aims to review the current evidence on the genetic basis of BPS\/IC to determine the most promising targets for possible novel treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.780855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T18:13:05Z","timestamp":1648577585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Defining Molecular Treatment Targets for Bladder Pain Syndrome\/Interstitial Cystitis: Uncovering Adhesion Molecules"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guldal","family":"Inal-Gultekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeliha","family":"Gormez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naside","family":"Mangir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14229","article-title":"Interstitial Cystitis\/bladder Pain Syndrome: The Evolving Landscape, Animal Models and Future Perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Akiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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