{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:31:00Z","timestamp":1792006260949,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Albumin is an expensive non-blood plasma substitutes with limited availability that has been reported to be inappropriately used in healthcare settings. Hence, interventions are recommended to control its misuse.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist implemented dispensing protocol on optimization of albumin use in an intensive care unit (ICU).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> A retrospective prospective 3-phase interventional study was conducted in an ICU in a tertiary Egyptian hospital over a period of 2 years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The study included three phases; a preparation phase where a local albumin dispensing protocol and a restriction dispensing form were prepared by clinical pharmacists and was approved by the local Drugs and Therapeutics Committee, a retrospective pre-implementation phase in which the medical records of all ICU patients receiving albumin were evaluated for appropriateness of albumin use according to the developed protocol, and a prospective implementation phase where the dispensing protocol and restriction dispensing form were applied. The pattern of albumin consumption and cost were recorded and compared between the retrospective and prospective phases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In the retrospective phase, 190 ICU patients received albumin of whom 83.6% was considered inappropriate indications for albumin compared to only 44 patients in the prospective phase of whom 16% was considered inappropriate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt;0.001). Clinical pharmacists\u2019 interventions significantly decreased the inappropriate albumin consumption from 4.7 vials\/patient in the retrospective phase to 2.7 vials\/patient in the prospective phase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt;0.001) with a total cost savings of 313,900 Egyptian Pounds (19,930 US Dollars).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The current study showed that clinical pharmacists\u2019 interventions led to a significant control on albumin use and consequently reduced the cost associated with its consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.825048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T05:36:31Z","timestamp":1647581791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Implemented Protocol on Albumin Utilization and Cost in an Intensive Care Unit in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dina Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May Ahmed","family":"Shawki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Hassan","family":"Solayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagwa Ali","family":"Sabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019877471","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacist-Led Impact on Inappropriate Albumin Use and Costs in the Critically Ill","volume":"54","author":"Buckley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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