{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:13:34Z","timestamp":1753892014609,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Few data are available evaluating obstetrical outcome when thyroiditis coexist with autoimmune diseases. Objectives of our study were: 1) To assess the prevalence of thyroiditis in pregnant women with autoimmune diseases; 2) To evaluate the effects on pregnancy outcome when different autoimmune diseases are associated with thyroiditis. Two groups of pregnant women were analysed: a study group of pregnant women with autoimmune diseases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 268) <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> a control group of pregnant women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1,150). In both groups the research for thyroid antibodies, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, was performed. The positivity had a prevalence of 17.54% in women with autoimmune diseases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 47) <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 5.57% in the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 64) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt; 0.00001). Only major rheumatic diseases (MRD) were analysed for pregnancy outcome (week of delivery, birth weight and birth weight percentile): systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 44 and connective tissue diseases (CTD) <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23. MRD were divided according to positive or negative results for thyroid antibodies. Thyroiditis in CDT patients showed a detrimental effect on pregnancy outcome, in terms of earlier week of delivery: 37.86 \u00b1 0.90 (mean \u00b1 SD) in CTD with thyroiditis <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 38.56 \u00b1 0.73 (mean \u00b1 SD) in CTD without thyroiditis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value = 0.03) and lower birth weight: 2,790.71\u00a0g \u00b1 257.17 SD in CTD with thyroiditis <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 3,019.33\u00a0g \u00b1 305.48\u00a0g in CTD without thyroiditis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt; 0.05). In SLE and APS thyroiditis did not appear to influence pregnancy outcome. However, we suggest investigating anti-thyroid antibodies in all autoimmune diseases with special attention to pregnant women with thyroiditis and CTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.827735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T07:59:53Z","timestamp":1644393593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Detrimental Effect of Thyroiditis on Pregnancy Outcome of Patients Affected by Autoimmune Diseases: An Open Question"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Botta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Antonielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Ciliberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Garufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lanzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Garufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"De Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e904e5","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies","volume":"116","author":"Abbassi-Ghanavati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet. 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