{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:23:41Z","timestamp":1787027021017,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["812699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["812699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID 2019-110132RB-I00\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID 2019-110132RB-I00\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID 2019-110132RB-I00\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 RD16\/0009\/0015 CTQ 2017-85263-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID 2019-110132RB-I00\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 RD16\/0009\/0015 CTQ 2017-85263-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0009\/0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0009\/0015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ 2017-85263-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ 2017-85263-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement technique that requires repeated exposure of the peritoneum to hyperosmolar PD fluids (PDFs). Unfortunately, it promotes alterations of the peritoneal membrane (PM) that affects its functionality, including mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) of mesothelial cells (MCs), inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Glucose is the most used osmotic agent, but it is known to be at least partially responsible, together with its degradation products (GDP), for those changes. Therefore, there is a need for more biocompatible osmotic agents to better maintain the PM. Herein we evaluated the biocompatibility of Steviol glycosides (SG)-based fluids.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The ultrafiltration and transport capacities of SG-containing and glucose-based fluids were analyzed using artificial membranes and an\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse model, respectively. To investigate the biocompatibility of the fluids, Met-5A and human omental peritoneal MCs (HOMCs) were exposed\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    to different types of glucose-based PDFs (conventional 4.25% glucose solution with high-GDP level and biocompatible 2.3% glucose solution with low-GDP level), SG-based fluids or treated with TGF-\u03b21. Mice submitted to surgery of intraperitoneal catheter insertion were treated for 40\u00a0days with SG- or glucose-based fluids. Peritoneal tissues were collected to determine thickness, MMT, angiogenesis, as well as peritoneal washings to analyze inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Dialysis membrane experiments demonstrated that SG-based fluids at 1.5%, 1%, and 0.75% had a similar trend in weight gain, based on curve slope, as glucose-based fluids. Analyzing transport capacity\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 1% and 0.75% SG-based fluid-exposed nephrectomized mice extracted a similar amount of urea as the glucose 2.3% group.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , PDF with high-glucose (4.25%) and high-GDP content induced mesenchymal markers and angiogenic factors (Snail1, Fibronectin, VEGF-A, FGF-2) and downregulates the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. In contrast, exposition to low-glucose-based fluids with low-GDP content or SG-based fluids showed higher viability and had less MMT.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo,<\/jats:italic>\n                    SG-based fluids preserved MC monolayer, induced less PM thickness, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokines release, and MMT compared with glucose-based fluids.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    SG showed better biocompatibility as an osmotic agent than glucose\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , therefore, it could alternatively substitute glucose in PDF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.868374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T02:37:18Z","timestamp":1660617438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Steviol glycosides as an alternative osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis fluid"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Kopytina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Pascual-Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Toggweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Mar\u00eda","family":"Arriero-Pa\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Strahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Albar-Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sucunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Vaquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Steppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Piecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe-Tirma","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"II365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.92.9.365","article-title":"Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on angiogenesis in vivo","volume":"92","author":"Asahara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.08.011","article-title":"Mesenchymal conversion of mesothelial cells as a mechanism responsible for high solute transport rate in peritoneal dialysis: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"46","author":"Aroeira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020211","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates dialysate-induced alterations of the peritoneal membrane","volume":"20","author":"Aroeira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq357","article-title":"Low-GDP peritoneal dialysis fluid ('balance\u2019) has less impact in vitro and ex vivo on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells than a standard fluid","volume":"26","author":"Bajo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"153","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"64","author":"Balafa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Urol. E Nefrol. Ital. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"280","article-title":"Xylitol as osmotic agent in CAPD: An alternative to glucose for uremic diabetic patients?","volume":"28","author":"Bazzato","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2015.1038223","article-title":"Study of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni antioxidant activities and cellular properties","volume":"66","author":"Bender","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.12.901","article-title":"Mononuclear leucocyte function tests in the assessment of the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids","volume":"52","author":"Brulez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.035","article-title":"Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity induced by stevioside in liver damage: In vivo, in vitro and in silico assays","volume":"224","author":"Casas-Grajales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9469498","article-title":"Effect of glucose concentration, osmolality, and sterilization process of peritoneal dialysis fluids on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear cell functions in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Cendoroglo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.190","article-title":"The impact of neutral-pH peritoneal dialysates with reduced glucose degradation products on clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"84","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007554","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007554.pub2","article-title":"Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis","volume":"1","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102103s13","article-title":"The problem of the high transporter: Is survival decreased?","volume":"21","author":"Correa-Rotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Handbook of dialysis","author":"Daugirdas","year":"2015"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00180.x","article-title":"What really happens to people on long-term peritoneal dialysis?","volume":"54","author":"Davies","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.20762","article-title":"Acute metabolic effects of dialysis fluids during CAPD","volume":"37","author":"Delarue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.250","article-title":"Water transport across the peritoneal membrane","volume":"85","author":"Devuyst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.suppl_3.12","article-title":"Morphological and functional changes in the dialysed peritoneal cavity: Impact of more biocompatible solutions","volume":"17","author":"Devuyst","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F179","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00252.2007","article-title":"A p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor protects against renal damage in a non-heart-beating donor model","volume":"295","author":"Doucet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112123","article-title":"Interleukin-22: Immunobiology and pathology","volume":"33","author":"Dudakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.13","article-title":"An update on peritoneal dialysis solutions","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108477","article-title":"Paricalcitol reduces peritoneal fibrosis in mice through the activation of regulatory T cells and reduction in IL-17 production","volume":"9","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mateo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56746","DOI":"10.3791\/56746","article-title":"Surgical techniques for catheter placement and 5\/6 nephrectomy in murine models of peritoneal dialysis","volume":"1","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mateo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/09637480903193049","article-title":"Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: A review","volume":"61","author":"Goyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e509","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.509","article-title":"Protective function of interleukin-22 in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.196","article-title":"A quantitative description of solute and fluid transport during peritoneal dialysis","volume":"41","author":"Heimb\u00fcrger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05872-2","article-title":"Functional and transcriptomic characterization of peritoneal immune-modulation by addition of alanyl-glutamine to dialysis fluid","volume":"7","author":"Herzog","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S191337","article-title":"Novel self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion based on rebaudioside A: A potential nanoplatform for oral delivery of curcumin","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-2918(03)80334-x","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension: A two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Hsieh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-008-0032-y","article-title":"Peritoneal damage by peritoneal dialysis solutions","volume":"12","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11111969","article-title":"Effect of glucose on intercellular junctions of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Ito","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food: Geneva, 8 - 17 June 2004","year":"2005"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889201500203","article-title":"Biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids","volume":"15","author":"J\u00f6rres","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/039139888600900604","article-title":"Osmotic agents for peritoneal dialysis","volume":"9","author":"Khanna","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080002004s03","article-title":"Pathophysiology of peritoneal membrane failure","volume":"20","author":"Krediet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00264.x","article-title":"The peritoneal membrane in chronic peritoneal dialysis","volume":"55","author":"Krediet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00491.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species amplify protein kinase C signaling in high glucose-induced fibronectin expression by human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500308","article-title":"Superior patient survival for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients treated with a peritoneal dialysis fluid with neutral pH and low glucose degradation product concentration (Balance)","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015080909","article-title":"Immune-Regulatory molecule CD69 controls peritoneal fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Liappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1039\/c5fo01586c","article-title":"Stevia rebaudiana ethanolic extract exerts better antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects in tumour cells than its diterpene glycoside stevioside","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473134","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/473134","article-title":"Mesenchymal conversion of mesothelial cells is a key event in the pathophysiology of the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis","volume":"2014","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cabrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111197","article-title":"Blocking TGF-\u03b21 protects the peritoneal membrane from dialysate-induced damage","volume":"22","author":"Loureiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.08809.x","article-title":"Clinical indices of in vivo biocompatibility: The role of ex vivo cell function studies and effluent markers in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"64","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072282","article-title":"Biological Effects of XyloCore, a Glucose Sparing PD solution, on Mesothelial cells: Focus on Mesothelial-Mesenchymal transition, inflammation and angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Masola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002109","article-title":"Update on peritoneal dialysis solutions","volume":"71","author":"McIntyre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6387","DOI":"10.1039\/c9fo02246e","article-title":"Anti-hyperuricemic potential of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) residue extract in hyperuricemic mice","volume":"11","author":"Mehmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718049","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/718049","article-title":"Potential roles of Stevia rebaudiana bertoni in abrogating insulin resistance and diabetes: A review","volume":"2013","author":"Mohd-Radzman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666161021142835","article-title":"A review on the Pharmacology and toxicology of steviol glycosides extracted from Stevia rebaudiana","volume":"23","author":"Momtazi-Borojeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017080828","article-title":"Mechanisms of crystalloid versus colloid osmosis across the peritoneal membrane","volume":"29","author":"Morelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0039","article-title":"Prophylactic effect of aquatic extract of stevia on acetic acid induced-ulcerative colitis in male rats: A possible role of Nrf2 and PPAR\u03b3","volume":"32","author":"Mostafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581813492828","article-title":"Metabolism and toxicity studies supporting the safety of rebaudioside D","volume":"32","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V12122787","article-title":"Glucose and prednisolone alter basic fibroblast growth factor expression in peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts","volume":"12","author":"Ogata","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0280","article-title":"Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Ozbayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(92)92277-5","article-title":"Potent synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro","volume":"189","author":"Pepper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.09.029","article-title":"Influence of drying method on steviol glycosides and antioxidants in Stevia rebaudiana leaves","volume":"172","author":"Periche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010123","article-title":"A novel formulation of glucose-sparing peritoneal dialysis solutions with l-carnitine improves biocompatibility on human mesothelial cells","volume":"22","author":"Piccapane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E752","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080752","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease as oxidative stress- and inflammatory-mediated cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Podkowi\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v4.i1.92","article-title":"Increasing the use of biocompatible, glucose-free peritoneal dialysis solutions","volume":"4","author":"Qayyum","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Nephrol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13030174","article-title":"A new peritoneal dialysis solution containing L-carnitine and xylitol for patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: First clinical experience","volume":"13","author":"Rago","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6197","article-title":"Stevia rebaudiana tea prevents experimental cirrhosis via regulation of NF-\u03baB, Nrf2, transforming growth factor beta, Smad7, and hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"32","author":"Ramos-Tovar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089601601s17","article-title":"Zakaria el-R, null, and Carlsson, OTheoretical analysis of osmotic agents in peritoneal dialysis. What size is an ideal osmotic agent?","volume":"16","author":"Rippe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1523-1755.2000.00114.X","article-title":"Computer simulations of ultrafiltration profiles for an icodextrin-based peritoneal fluid in CAPD","volume":"57","author":"Rippe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.33","article-title":"IL-17A is a novel player in dialysis-induced peritoneal damage","volume":"86","author":"Rodrigues-D\u00edez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44941","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44941","article-title":"Genomic reprograming analysis of the Mesothelial to Mesenchymal Transition identifies biomarkers in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"7","author":"Ruiz-Carpio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080902900604","article-title":"Factors contributing to peritoneal tissue remodeling in peritoneal dialysis","volume":"29","author":"Schilte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1107782","article-title":"Pivotal advance: Th-1 cytokines inhibit, and Th-2 cytokines promote fibrocyte differentiation","volume":"83","author":"Shao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.001","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana","volume":"27","author":"Shivanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119035","article-title":"Novel ultrasmall nanomicelles based on rebaudioside A: A potential nanoplatform for the ocular delivery of pterostilbene","volume":"577","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.150","article-title":"Isolation, culture and characterization of human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Stylianou","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.05.019","article-title":"Growth hormone reduces the severity of fibrosis associated with chronic intestinal inflammation","volume":"129","author":"Theiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080302300301","article-title":"Single exposure of mesothelial cells to glucose degradation products (GDPs) yields early advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and a proinflammatory response","volume":"23","author":"Welten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.63.s84.18.x","article-title":"Glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids: Do they harm?","volume":"63","author":"Witowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00883.x","article-title":"Glucose-mediated induction of TGF-beta 1 and MCP-1 in mesothelial cells in vitro is osmolality and polyol pathway dependent","volume":"63","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020809","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells","volume":"348","author":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-M\u00f3","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"501","article-title":"The effects and mechanisms of interleukin-22 and interferon-\u03b3 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pleural mesothelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi Chin. J. Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.2015.24.3.16","article-title":"Glucose absorption in nephropathy patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"24","author":"Zuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.868374\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T02:37:30Z","timestamp":1660617450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.868374\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2022.868374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.868374","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"article-number":"868374"}}