{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:57:57Z","timestamp":1773727077487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neglected diseases (NDs) are treated with a less varied range of drugs, with high cost and toxicity, which makes the search for therapeutic alternatives important. In this context, plants, such as those from the genus <jats:italic>Zanthoxylum<\/jats:italic>, can be promising due to active substances in their composition. This study evaluates the potential of species from this genus to treat NDs. Initially, a protocol was developed to carry out a systematic review approved by Prospero (CRD42020200438). The databases PubMed, BVS, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science were used with the following keywords: \u201czanthoxylum,\u201d \u201cxanthoxylums,\u201d \u201cfagaras,\u201d \u201cleishmaniasis,\u201d \u201cchagas disease,\u201d \u201cmalaria,\u201d and \u201cAfrican trypanosomiasis.\u201d Two independent evaluators analyzed the title and abstract of 166 articles, and 122 were excluded due to duplicity or for not meeting the inclusion criteria. From the 44 selected articles, results of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> tests were extracted. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> studies showed that <jats:italic>Z. rhoifolium<\/jats:italic>, through the alkaloid nitidine, was active against <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> (IC50 &amp;lt;1\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml) and <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (IC50 &amp;lt;8\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml), and selective for both (&amp;gt;10 and &amp;gt;30, respectively). For Chagas disease, the promising species (IC50 &amp;lt;2\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml) were <jats:italic>Z. naranjillo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. minutiflorum<\/jats:italic>, and for sleeping sickness, the species <jats:italic>Z. zanthoxyloides<\/jats:italic> (IC50 &amp;lt;4\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml) stood out. In the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> analysis, the most promising species were <jats:italic>Z. rhoifolium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. chiloperone<\/jats:italic>. In summary, the species <jats:italic>Z. rhoifolium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Z. naranjillo<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Z. minutiflorum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Z. zanthoxyloides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Z. chiloperone<\/jats:italic> are promising sources of active molecules for the treatment of NDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.873208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T12:45:41Z","timestamp":1673354741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Activity of the genus Zanthoxylum against diseases caused by protozoa: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Correa-Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele Ferreira","family":"Sodr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Henrique Costa","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria F\u00e2ni","family":"Dolabela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEP.2016.03.047","article-title":"Antiplasmodial activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts from selected Ugandan medicinal plants","volume":"186","author":"Adia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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