{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:17:33Z","timestamp":1783401453207,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphedema is a debilitating chronic disease that mostly develops as an adverse reaction to cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Lymphedema also appears to be a deteriorating consequence of roundworm infections, as best represented by filariasis. According to its origin, lymphedema is classified as primary lymphedema and acquired lymphedema. The latter is an acquired condition that, hitherto, received a considerably low attention owing to the less number of fatal cases been reported. Notably, despite the low mortality rate in lymphedema, it has been widely reported to reduce the disease-free survival and thus the quality of life of affected patients. Hence, in this review, we focused on acquired lymphedema and orchestration of molecular interplays associated with either stimulation or inhibition of lymphedema development that were, in vast majority, clearly depicted in animal models with their specific and distinct technical approaches. We also discussed some recent progress made in phytochemical-based anti-lymphedema intervention strategies and the specific mechanisms underlying their anti-lymphedema properties. This review is crucial to understand not only the comprehensive aspects of the disease but also the future directions of the intervention strategies that can address the quality of life of affected patients rather than alleviating apparent symptoms only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.873650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T06:04:14Z","timestamp":1666677854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acquired lymphedema: Molecular contributors and future directions for developing intervention strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ika","family":"Nurlaila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangsan","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hwan","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukchan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.083","article-title":"Macrophage-induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis following paclitaxel chemotherapy is regulated by VEGFR3","volume":"17","author":"Alishekevitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"For people at risk of lymphedema","year":"2022"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"2193","article-title":"Sidawy. Lymphedema : Evaluation and decision making","volume-title":"Rutherford\u2019s vascular surgery and endovascular therapy [internet]","author":"Anton","year":"2019"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182450b47","article-title":"Regulation of adipogenesis by lymphatic fluid stasis: Part II. Expression of adipose differentiation genes","volume":"129","author":"Aschen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181adcf4b","article-title":"Fibrosis is a key inhibitor of lymphatic regeneration","volume":"124","author":"Avraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C589","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00535.2009","article-title":"Radiation therapy causes loss of dermal lymphatic vessels and interferes with lymphatic function by TGF-beta1-mediated tissue fibrosis","volume":"299","author":"Avraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-222695","article-title":"Th2 differentiation is necessary for soft tissue fibrosis and lymphatic dysfunction resulting from lymphedema","volume":"27","author":"Avraham","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J. [Internet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00137","article-title":"The unresolved pathophysiology of lymphedema","author":"Azhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003140","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003140.pub2","article-title":"Benzo-pyrones for reducing and controlling lymphoedema of the limbs","volume":"2004","author":"Badger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-52357-8.00042-1","article-title":"42 - acute and late toxicities of thoracic radiotherapy: Pulmonary, esophagus, and heart","volume-title":"IASLC thoracic oncology","author":"Belderbos","year":"2018"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2019.11.017","article-title":"Molecular pathways involved in lymphedema: Hydroxytyrosol as a candidate natural compound for treating the effects of lymph accumulation","volume":"308","author":"Bertelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11785","article-title":"Lower body lymphedema in patients with gynecologic cancer","volume":"37","author":"Biglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0048","article-title":"Evaluation of stiffness in postmastectomy lymphedema using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: A prospective randomized controlled study for identifying the optimal pneumatic compression pressure to reduce stiffness","volume":"16","author":"Bok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00255","article-title":"ZNF423: A new player in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Bond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2018.3539","article-title":"Lymphedema diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up from the view point of physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists","volume":"64","author":"Borman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3408-5","article-title":"Risk factors associated with breast lymphedema","volume":"21","author":"Boughey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"121","article-title":"Current status of selenium and other treatments for secondary lymphedema","volume":"1","author":"Bruns","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Support. Oncol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22597","article-title":"Lipedema: A call to action","volume":"27","author":"Buso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5152\/tjbh.2015.2801","article-title":"Assessment of risk factors in patients who presented to the outpatient clinic for breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"12","author":"Can","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Breast Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.07.001","article-title":"Preventative measures for lymphedema: Separating fact from fiction","volume":"213","author":"Cemal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2019.02.006","article-title":"The double edge sword of fibrosis in cancer","volume":"209","author":"Chandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434052","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/434052","article-title":"Plant natural products calycosin and gallic acid synergistically attenuate neutrophil infiltration and subsequent injury in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction: A possible role for leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase?","volume":"2015","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2915","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002915","article-title":"Treatment of post-mastectomy lymphedema with herbal medicine: An innovative pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00085-z","article-title":"Hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid in lymphedematous tissue alleviates fibrogenesis via TH1 cell-mediated cytokine expression","volume":"7","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"935","article-title":"Biological detoxification of lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) stem bark by mushroom species","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1177\/1947601911423028","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis and cancer","volume":"2","author":"Christiansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes. Cancer"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740085","article-title":"Primary prevention of cancer-related lymphedema using preventive lymphatic surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Ciudad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180100","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0100-2018","article-title":"Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: Knowns and unknowns","volume":"28","author":"Cottin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"48","article-title":"Radioprotection from radiation-induced lymphedema without tumor protection","volume":"43","author":"Daley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54201-2","article-title":"A pre-clinical animal model of secondary head and neck lymphedema","volume":"9","author":"Daneshgaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c160022","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis","volume":"7","author":"de s\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2004-x","article-title":"A prospective study of breast lymphedema: Frequency, symptoms, and quality of life","volume":"134","author":"Degnim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-3542","article-title":"Chemotherapy alters monocyte differentiation to favor generation of cancer-supporting M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"73","author":"Dijkgraaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01455-06","article-title":"Adipocyte, adipose tissue, and infectious disease","volume":"75","author":"Dm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.84","article-title":"CD11b immunophenotyping identifies inflammatory profiles in the mouse and human lungs","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22675","article-title":"Selective depletion of macrophages reveals distinct, opposing roles during liver injury and repair","volume":"115","author":"Duffield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.020","article-title":"The lymphatic vasculature: Its role in adipose metabolism and obesity","volume":"26","author":"Escobedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-8111.2012.00045.x","article-title":"Lipedema: An overview of its clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the disproportional fatty deposition syndrome - systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Forner-Cordero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Obes."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6300","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6300","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy agents in lymphedema treatment: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Forte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i3.241","article-title":"Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management","volume":"5","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04418-y","article-title":"CD4+ T cells are activated in regional lymph nodes and migrate to skin to initiate lymphedema","volume":"9","author":"Garc\u00eda Nores","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14345","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14345","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus for the treatment of secondary lymphedema","volume":"8","author":"Gardenier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3444-9","article-title":"A comprehensive overview on the surgical management of secondary lymphedema of the upper and lower extremities related to prior oncologic therapies","volume":"17","author":"Garza","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lymphatic structure and function in health and disease","volume-title":"Gavins FNE, alexander JSBT-LS and","author":"Gavins","year":"2020"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30225-3","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: The potential role for antifibrotic therapy","volume":"8","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. Respir. Med."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"583","article-title":"Animal models of lymphedema","volume-title":"Lymphedema: Complete medical & surgical management","author":"Ghanta","year":"2016"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1065","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00598.2014","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation and fibrosis by macrophages in lymphedema","volume":"308","author":"Ghanta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"176","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) vs. axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the current surgical treatment of early stage breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Gherghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.10.008","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis: Tumor\/endothelial crosstalk and cellular\/microenvironmental signaling mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.04.033","article-title":"An important role of VEGF-C in promoting lymphedema development","volume":"137","author":"Gousopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89081","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89081","article-title":"Regulatory T cell transfer ameliorates lymphedema and promotes lymphatic vessel function","volume":"1","author":"Gousopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1635117","article-title":"Diagnosis and staging of lymphedema","volume":"32","author":"Greene","year":"","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-010-9252-1","article-title":"Obesity and breast cancer: Status of leptin and adiponectin in pathological processes","volume":"29","author":"Grossmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.010","article-title":"Zfp423 expression identifies committed preadipocytes and localizes to adipose endothelial and perivascular cells","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4619-8","article-title":"Docetaxel facilitates lymphatic-tumor crosstalk to promote lymphangiogenesis and cancer progression","volume":"18","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1642","article-title":"Lymphatic vascular defects promoted by Prox1 haploinsufficiency cause adult-onset obesity","volume":"37","author":"Harvey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003110","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells and vascularized lymph node transfers successfully treat mouse hindlimb secondary lymphedema by early reconnection of the lymphatic system and lymphangiogenesis","volume":"139","author":"Hayashida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.4899","article-title":"Lymphedema after breast cancer: Incidence, risk factors, and effect on upper body function","volume":"26","author":"Hayes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3907-1","article-title":"Changes in volume and incidence of lymphedema during and after treatment with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) in patients with breast cancer","volume":"26","author":"Hidding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5934.786","article-title":"Two cases of tuberculous lymphoedema","volume":"3","author":"Hoda","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2017.0042","article-title":"Lymphedema leads to fat deposition in muscle and decreased muscle\/water volume after liposuction: A magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"16","author":"Hoffner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.6.725","article-title":"Secondary lymphedema after intestinal tuberculosis: A case report","volume":"43","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1159\/000345459","article-title":"Risk factors associated with lymphedema among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors after radical mastectomy and axillary dissection in China","volume":"7","author":"Hua-Ping","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Care (Basel)"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0150-x","article-title":"DNA damage response signaling pathways and targets for radiotherapy sensitization in cancer","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1436-1","article-title":"Inhibition of lymphatic proliferation by the selective VEGFR-3 inhibitor SAR131675 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in db\/db mice","volume":"10","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2458\/lymph.4649","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 consensus document of the international society of Lymphology","volume":"53","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2715-7","article-title":"Impact of body mass index and weight fluctuation on lymphedema risk in patients treated for breast cancer","volume":"142","author":"Jammallo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.202","article-title":"Inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and suppression of abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet-feeding C57BL\/6J mice after downregulation of hyaluronic acid","volume":"38","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034008","article-title":"Lymphatic dysfunction, leukotrienes, and lymphedema","volume":"80","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00521.x","article-title":"A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases","volume":"15","author":"Joukov","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B71","first-page":"277","article-title":"Causes and classification of lymphatic disorders","volume-title":"Lymphedema: Complete medical & surgical management","author":"Kambhampati","year":"2016"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13359","article-title":"Human skin fibrosis: Up-regulation of collagen type III gene transcription in the fibrotic skin nodules of lower limb lymphoedema","volume":"25","author":"Karayi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/75997","article-title":"Missense mutations interfere with VEGFR-3 signalling in primary lymphoedema","volume":"25","author":"Karkkainen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2017.17.1.68","article-title":"Emerging roles of lymphatic vasculature in immunity","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2014.079","article-title":"Breast cancer-related lymphedema after neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87494-3","article-title":"Lymphedema alters lipolytic, lipogenic, immune and angiogenic properties of adipose tissue: A hypothesis-generating study in breast cancer survivors","volume":"11","author":"Koc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1514","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00479.2008","article-title":"Leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction in obesity","volume":"295","author":"Korda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71221-5","article-title":"Breast-conserving surgery with or without irradiation in women aged 65 years or older with early breast cancer (prime II): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Kunkler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet. Oncol."},{"key":"B79","first-page":"52","article-title":"Adipogenesis","volume-title":"Lane MDBT-E of BC","author":"Lane","year":"2013"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2015.2","article-title":"Crosstalk between cancer cells and blood endothelial and lymphatic endothelial cells in tumour and organ microenvironment","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-145789","article-title":"Prox1 physically and functionally interacts with COUP-TFII to specify lymphatic endothelial cell fate","volume":"113","author":"Lee","year":"","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2019.10.12","article-title":"Characterization of limb lymphedema using the statistical analysis of ultrasound backscattering","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"B83","first-page":"111","article-title":"Refinement of a rodent model of peripheral lymphedema","volume":"32","author":"Lee-Donaldson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.08.032","article-title":"Total saponins of panaxnotoginseng promotes lymphangiogenesis by activation VEGF-C expression of lymphatic endothelial cells","volume":"193","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-7-28","article-title":"Lower extremity edema in patients with early ovarian cancer","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res.Journal Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.079699","article-title":"Adipogenesis at a glance","volume":"124","author":"Lowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Sci."},{"key":"B87","volume-title":"Complex decongestive therapy (CDT)","year":"2021"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2014.07.004","article-title":"Lymphedema","volume":"23","author":"Maclellan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/84651","article-title":"Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis with resulting lymphedema in transgenic mice expressing soluble VEGF receptor-3","volume":"7","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.08.036","article-title":"Timing of lymphedema following treatment for breast cancer: When are patients most at-risk?","volume":"103","author":"McDuff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000268","article-title":"Lymphedema and obesity: Is there a link?","volume":"134","author":"Mehrara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B92","volume":"10","author":"Mehrara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pilot Study of Anti-Th2 Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Upper Extremity LymphedemaBiology"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9264","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9264","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of complete decongestive therapy of phase I: A lymphedema treatment study in the Greek population","volume":"12","author":"Michopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2231-1","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy at the time of mastectomy does not increase the risk of lymphedema: Implications for prophylactic surgery","volume":"135","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.05.124","article-title":"RAMP1 signaling improves lymphedema and promotes lymphangiogenesis in mice","volume":"219","author":"Mishima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-122316-045259","article-title":"Lymphatic system flows","volume":"50","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.103180","article-title":"Immune system in cancer radiotherapy: Resistance mechanisms and therapy perspectives","volume":"157","author":"Mortezaee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-64-768-1140","article-title":"Time-related changes in lymphatic clearance in pig skin after a single dose of 18 Gy of X rays","volume":"64","author":"Mortimer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8239","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1182","article-title":"Limited capability of regional lymph nodes to eradicate metastatic cancer cells","volume":"64","author":"Nagata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17892","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906070106","article-title":"CD4+ T cells control the differentiation of Gr1+ monocytes into fibrocytes","volume":"106","author":"Niedermeier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7073","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273061","article-title":"Obesity-induced lymphatic dysfunction is reversible with weight loss","volume":"594","author":"Nitti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.011","article-title":"Regulatory T cells mediate local immunosuppression in lymphedema","volume":"138","author":"Nores","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704098","article-title":"Biological basis of therapeutic lymphangiogenesis","volume":"123","author":"Norrm\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38855","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113885","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells promote intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis by restricting dermal fibrosis in irradiated tissue of mice","volume":"21","author":"Ogino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.039","article-title":"The lymphatic vasculature in the 21st century: Novel functional roles in homeostasis and disease","volume":"182","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02455-z","article-title":"Effect of lymphedema self-management group-based education compared with social network-based education on quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence in women with breast cancer: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Omidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"B107","volume-title":"Treatment for lymphedema: Complete decongestive therapy","year":"2022"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91897-7","article-title":"Adipogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with unfavorable tumor immune microenvironment and with worse survival","volume":"11","author":"Oshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.7878","article-title":"Hypoxic radiosensitization: Adored and ignored","volume":"25","author":"Overgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-112315-031200","article-title":"The lymphatic system in disease processes and cancer progression","volume":"11","author":"Padera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11050402","article-title":"Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Recent updates on diagnosis, severity and available treatments","volume":"11","author":"Pappalardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208912","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/208912","article-title":"Modification of a rodent hindlimb model of secondary lymphedema: Surgical radicality versus radiotherapeutic ablation","volume":"2013","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2001.17","article-title":"Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: Leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.8574","article-title":"Cancer-related lymphedema risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and impact: A review","volume":"30","author":"Paskett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S106227","article-title":"Lipedema: Diagnostic and management challenges","volume":"8","author":"Peled","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-019-0142-1","article-title":"The prodomain of caspase-3 regulates its own removal and caspase activation","volume":"5","author":"Ponder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Death Discov."},{"key":"B117","volume-title":"lymphaticsurgery","year":"2022"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026946","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without taxanes, in early or operable breast cancer: A meta-analysis of 19 randomized trials with 30698 patients","volume":"6","author":"Qin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.11-4-342","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic approaches for targeting cell death pathways","volume":"11","author":"Ricci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2012.11.002","article-title":"Pathophysiology of lymphedema","volume":"29","author":"Ridner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216688570","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of hyaluronidase on acquired lymphedema using a newly developed mouse limb model","volume":"242","author":"Roh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.05.003","article-title":"Sulfuretin has therapeutic activity against acquired lymphedema by reducing adipogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Roh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112280","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of butein derivatives for in vitro and in vivo inflammatory response suppression in lymphedema","volume":"197","author":"Roh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B124","first-page":"737","article-title":"35 - tumors of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum","volume-title":"TL, roach MBT-L and PT of RO","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2010"},{"key":"B125","first-page":"762","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels: Structure and function","volume":"13","author":"Rovensk\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.03.003","article-title":"Quality of life of women with lower limb swelling or lymphedema 3-5 years following endometrial cancer","volume":"133","author":"Rowlands","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2006.05.009","article-title":"Secondary lymphedema in the mouse tail: Lymphatic hyperplasia, VEGF-C upregulation, and the protective role of MMP-9","volume":"72","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804675","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/804675","article-title":"Lymphedema and therapeutic lymphangiogenesis","volume":"2013","author":"Saito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S197143","article-title":"Fibrin-thrombin sealant does not reduce lymphocele formation in patients with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer","volume":"11","author":"Saner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158408","article-title":"Novel mechanisms of compromised lymphatic endothelial cell homeostasis in obesity: The role of leptin in lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation and proliferation","volume":"11","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00244.2014","article-title":"Obesity increases inflammation and impairs lymphatic function in a mouse model of lymphedema","volume":"307","author":"Savetsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639058","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/639058","article-title":"Impact of the prolymphangiogenic crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment on lymphatic cancer metastasis","volume":"2014","author":"Schlereth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1152\/nips.01349.2001","article-title":"Cross talk between adipose tissue cells: Impact on pathophysiology","volume":"17","author":"Schling","year":"2002","journal-title":"News Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110005","article-title":"Pirfenidone: A novel hypothetical treatment for COVID-19","volume":"144","author":"Seifirad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0730-2","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Pathogenesis and management","volume":"19","author":"Sgalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5420-z","article-title":"Tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis predicts unfavorable prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Sha","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12949","article-title":"Lipoedema is not lymphoedema: A review of current literature","volume":"15","author":"Shavit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0004388","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000438","article-title":"Adiponectin-mediated modulation of lymphatic vessel formation and lymphedema","volume":"2","author":"Shimizu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00041","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced cancer cell death: A primer","author":"Sia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1859310","article-title":"The nuclear hormone receptor Coup-TFII is required for the initiation and early maintenance of Prox1 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells","volume":"24","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3408-1","article-title":"Impact of adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy on development of breast cancer-related lymphedema: Results from a large prospective cohort","volume":"151","author":"Swaroop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.08.011","article-title":"Pathophysiological dilemmas of lipedema","volume":"83","author":"Sz\u00e9l","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3657","article-title":"Activation of the VEGFC\/VEGFR3 pathway induces tumor immune escape in colorectal cancer","volume":"79","author":"Tacconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.177","article-title":"Pivotal role of CD4+ T cells in renal fibrosis following ureteric obstruction","volume":"78","author":"Tapmeier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15238","article-title":"Pathological changes of adipose tissue in secondary lymphoedema","volume":"177","author":"Tashiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaal3920","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aal3920","article-title":"Leukotriene B4 antagonism ameliorates experimental lymphedema","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10010025","article-title":"Targeting DNA double-strand break repair pathways to improve radiotherapy response","volume":"10","author":"Toulany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.08.029","article-title":"A novel pilot animal model for the surgical prevention of lymphedema: The power of optical imaging","volume":"221","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-793-0","volume-title":"Lymphedema: Diagnosis and treatment [internet]","author":"Tretbar","year":"2008"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu062","article-title":"Crosstalk between fibroblasts and inflammatory cells","volume":"102","author":"Van Linthout","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16483-5_3446","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of cancer [internet]","author":"Varner","year":"2011"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.6.1223","article-title":"Signalling via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 is sufficient for lymphangiogenesis in transgenic mice","volume":"20","author":"Veikkola","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjx026","article-title":"Retinoic acid inhibits white adipogenesis by disrupting GADD45A-mediated Zfp423 DNA demethylation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.11.232","article-title":"The impact of radiation therapy on the risk of lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer: A prospective cohort study","volume":"88","author":"Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46797-2","article-title":"A novel mouse tail lymphedema model for observing lymphatic pump failure during lymphedema development","volume":"9","author":"Weiler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02359655","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235965","article-title":"Evidence of stage progression in a novel, validated fluorescence-navigated and microsurgical-assisted secondary lymphedema rodent model","volume":"15","author":"Will","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0778-6","article-title":"Cancer-associated adipocytes: Key players in breast cancer progression","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2020.03.022","article-title":"Early prevention of complex decongestive therapy and rehabilitation exercise for prevention of lower extremity lymphedema after operation of gynecologic cancer","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2277","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis","volume":"214","author":"Wynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000064","article-title":"Developing a lower limb lymphedema animal model with combined lymphadenectomy and low-dose radiation","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0433","article-title":"Maternal obesity induces epigenetic modifications to facilitate Zfp423 expression and enhance adipogenic differentiation in fetal mice","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-015-0039-0","article-title":"Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5603","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13629","article-title":"Targeting the VEGF-C\/VEGFR3 axis suppresses Slug-mediated cancer metastasis and stemness via inhibition of KRAS\/YAP1 signaling","volume":"8","author":"Yeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2017.779","article-title":"Effects of complex decongestive therapy on quality of life, depression, neuropathic pain, and fatigue in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"63","author":"Yesil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6298293","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6298293","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of goreisan, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on lower-limb lymphedema after lymphadenectomy in gynecologic malignancies: A case series study","volume":"2020","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182450b2d","article-title":"Regulation of adipogenesis by lymphatic fluid stasis: Part I. Adipogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation","volume":"129","author":"Zampell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519855595","article-title":"Radiotherapy activates autophagy to increase CD8+ T cell infiltration by modulating major histocompatibility complex class-I expression in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"47","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4538-8","article-title":"Evaluation of metastatic niches in distant organs after surgical removal of tumor-bearing lymph nodes","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.006010","article-title":"Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node biopsy at the time of prophylactic mastectomy of the breast","volume":"54","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Surg."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.873650\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T06:04:44Z","timestamp":1666677884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.873650\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":169,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2022.873650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.873650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"article-number":"873650"}}