{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:14:16Z","timestamp":1753892056947,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics (SG-LAIAs) may improve outcomes compared to other antipsychotics. Real-world studies using linked administrative databases play an important role in assessing the comparative effectiveness of antipsychotic medications.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We used a prevalent new-user design in a population-based cohort of antipsychotic users with diagnosis of a psychotic disorder to compare the primary outcome of treatment failure, defined as psychiatric hospitalization, completed suicide, incarceration, or treatment discontinuation. Additional outcomes were all-cause mortality. SG-LAIA users were matched on a 1:1 basis with other antipsychotic users based on the time-conditional propensity score, calendar time, and prior antipsychotic exposure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The use of LAIAs was not associated with a lower risk of treatment failure than other antipsychotics (adjusted hazard ratio 1.07 and 95% confidence interval 0.98\u20131.15) but did reduce all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.69 and 95% confidence interval 0.48\u20130.99). Monotherapy with LAIAs was superior to other antipsychotic monotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio for treatment failure 0.83 and 95% confidence interval 0.78\u20130.89), and LAIAs were superior to other antipsychotics in antipsychotic-na\u00efve users (adjusted hazard ratio for treatment failure 0.57 and 95% confidence interval 0.47\u20130.70).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> In this population-based cohort, SG-LAIAs reduced the risk of treatment failure in incident new users but not in prevalent new users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.879224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T05:53:08Z","timestamp":1652939588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Second-Generation Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and the Risk of Treatment Failure in a Population-Based Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Donica","family":"Janzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I fan","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Alessi-Severini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09584","article-title":"Real-world Outcomes of Paliperidone Palmitate Compared to Daily Oral Antipsychotic Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Open-Label, Review Board-Blinded 15-month Study","volume":"76","author":"Alphs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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