{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:13:00Z","timestamp":1792390380215,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among benign vascular tumors of infancy, hemangiomas are the commonest, affecting approximately 5\u201310% of one-year-old children. They are derived from a benign proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in the mesoderm and may arise anywhere on the body around 1\u20132\u00a0weeks after birth. Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are characterized by an early proliferative phase in the first year followed by a spontaneous progressive regression within the following 5\u00a0years or longer. IH prevalence is estimated to be 5%\u201310% in one-year-old children and commonly affects female, Caucasian and low-birth weight infants. Although most of them spontaneously regress, approximately 10% requires treatment to prevent complications due to the site of occurrence such as bleeding, ulceration, cosmetically disfigurement, functional impairment, or life-threatening complications. For over 30\u00a0years, steroids have represented the first-line treatment for IHs, but recently topical or systemic \u03b2-blockers are increasingly being used and recognized as effective and safe. A search for \u201cCutaneous infantile hemangioma\u201d [All Fields] AND \u201cTreatment\u201d [All Fields] was performed by using PubMed and EMBASE databases. Treatment of IHs with labeled drugs, such as oral propranolol, but also with off-label drugs, such as topical \u03b2-blockers, including topical timolol and carteolol, steroids, itraconazole or sirolimus, with a focus on formulations types and adverse events were described in our review. We also discussed the benefits of pulsed dye laser and the treatment of IHs with involvement of central nervous system, namely the PHACE and LUMBAR syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.879602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T10:40:49Z","timestamp":1654252849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Update on Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas: What\u2019s New in the Last Five Years?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Macca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenica","family":"Altavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Di Bartolomeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Irrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Borgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Li Pomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violetta","family":"Squadrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Squadrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.170682","article-title":"Pulsed Dye Laser and Topical Timolol Gel versus Pulse Dye Laser in Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"4","author":"Asilian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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