{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1778631932311,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82104853 82104861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104853 82104861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Prostate cancer (PCa) is an epithelial malignancy of the prostate that currently lacks effective treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can play an anticancer role through regulating the immune system, anti-tumor angiogenesis, regulating tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and other mechanisms. This study attempted to explore the active ingredients and potential mechanism of action of the Astragalus\u2013Scorpion (A\u2013S) drug pair in PCa, in order to provide new insights into the treatment of PCa.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Network pharmacology was used to analyze the A\u2013S drug pair and PCa targets. Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the LncRNAs with significant differences in PCa. The expression of LC3 protein was detected by immunofluorescence. CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation. The expressions of GDPD4-2, AC144450.1, LINC01513, AC004009.2, AL096869.1, AP005210.1, and BX119924.1 were detected by RT-qPCR. The expression of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway and autophagy-related proteins were detected by western blot. LC-MS\/MS was used to identify the active components of Astragalus and Scorpion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A\u2013S drug pair and PCa have a total of 163 targets, which were mainly related to the prostate cancer and PI3K\/AKT pathways. A\u2013S drug pair inhibited the formation of PCa, promoted the expression of LC3\u2161 and Beclin1 proteins, and inhibited the expression of P62 and PI3K\u2013AKT pathway proteins in PCa mice. Astragaloside IV and polypeptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) were identified as the main active components of the A\u2013S drug pair. GDPD4-2 was involved in the treatment of PCa by Astragaloside IV-PESV. Silencing GDPD4-2 reversed the therapeutic effects of Astragaloside IV-PESV by regulating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Astragaloside IV-PESV is the main active components of A\u2013S drug pair treated PCa by regulating the GDPD4-2\/PI3K\u2013AKT\/mTOR pathway and autophagy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.895696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T07:19:56Z","timestamp":1656487196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Astragalus\u2013Scorpion Drug Pair Inhibits the Development of Prostate Cancer by Regulating GDPD4-2\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Pathway and Autophagy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xujun","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongrong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8540","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228540","article-title":"Current Status and Application of Metformin for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"21","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7610","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247610","article-title":"AaTs-1: A Tetrapeptide from Androctonus Australis Scorpion Venom, Inhibiting U87 Glioblastoma Cells Proliferation by P53 and FPRL-1 Up-Regulations","volume":"26","author":"Aissaoui-Zid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15430\/jcp.2017.22.1.40","article-title":"Anti-proliferative Effects of Androctonus Amoreuxi Scorpion and Cerastes Cerastes Snake Venoms on Human Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"22","author":"Akef","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.07.009","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer: At the Bench and Bedside","volume":"59","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102264","article-title":"Astragalus Polysaccharides (PG2) Enhances the M1 Polarization of Macrophages, Functional Maturation of Dendritic Cells, and T Cell-Mediated Anticancer Immune Responses in Patients with Lung Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Bamodu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-01557-9","article-title":"Plectin Is a Regulator of Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis","volume":"40","author":"Buckup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56698","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18082","article-title":"Inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Pathway Activates Autophagy and Compensatory Ras\/Raf\/MEK\/ERK Signalling in Prostate Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Butler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236093","article-title":"Quercetin Suppresses the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Regulating MST1-Mediated Autophagy in Ox-LDL-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Foam Cells","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00963","article-title":"Antitumor Effects of Scorpion Peptide Smp43 through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Membrane Disruption on Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"84","author":"Chai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02043-2","article-title":"Metformin Exerts anti-AR-negative Prostate Cancer Activity via AMPK\/autophagy Signaling Pathway","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Cancer Cell. Int."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.03.045","article-title":"Scorpion Venom Activates Natural Killer Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the NKG2D-MICA Pathway","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2741\/4443","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552907","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.552907","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNA SNHG1 Regulates the Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Signaling Pathways via EZH2 to Affect the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy of Prostate Cancer Cell","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4846","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of astragaloside-IV in C-ancer T-herapy (Review)","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26777","article-title":"Effect of PLK1 Inhibition on Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells","volume":"234","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632168","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.632168","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Astragalus-Containing Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1490-5","article-title":"SH003 Induces Apoptosis of DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells by Inhibiting ERK-Involved Pathway","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5663","article-title":"HEM1 Deficiency Disrupts mTORC2 and F-Actin Control in Inherited Immunodysregulatory Disease","volume":"369","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0866-5","article-title":"Dual Role of Autophagy on Docetaxel-Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"9","author":"Cristofani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03588-w","article-title":"FGF21 Facilitates Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0267-9","article-title":"Prostate Carcinogenesis: Inflammatory Storms","volume":"20","author":"de Bono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00702","article-title":"Cytoscape StringApp: Network Analysis and Visualization of Proteomics Data","volume":"18","author":"Doncheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00708","article-title":"Monitoring the Early Antiproliferative Effect of the Analgesic-Antitumor Peptide, BmK AGAP on Breast Cancer Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion with a Reduced Distribution of Four B-Values","volume":"10","author":"Doudou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050326","article-title":"Scorpion Toxins and Ion Channels: Potential Applications in Cancer Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Due\u00f1as-Cuellar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.196","article-title":"Autophagy as a Modulator and Target in Prostate Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Farrow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.09.006","article-title":"Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Gandaglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00598","article-title":"Astragalus Polysaccharides Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Lipid Metabolism through miR-138-5p\/SIRT1\/SREBP1 Pathway in Prostate Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671418","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.671418","article-title":"Expression Analysis of Long Non-coding RNAs Related with FOXM1, GATA3, FOXA1 and ESR1 in Breast Tissues","volume":"11","author":"Hassani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111795","article-title":"Agrimol B Present in Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb Impedes Cell Cycle Progression of Cancer Cells through G0 State Arrest","volume":"141","author":"Hnit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.118","article-title":"Network Pharmacology: The Next Paradigm in Drug Discovery","volume":"4","author":"Hopkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02323-x","article-title":"Development of an Autophagy-Related Gene Expression Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Prostate Cancer Patients","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-020-01469-8","article-title":"Astragaloside IV Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of Breast Cancer via Promoting the Long Noncoding RNA TRHDE-AS1","volume":"75","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.014","article-title":"Risk SNP-Mediated Promoter-Enhancer Switching Drives Prostate Cancer through lncRNA PCAT19","volume":"174","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020145","article-title":"Toxic Animal-Based Medicinal Materials Can Be Effective in Treating Endometriosis: A Scoping Review","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778479","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.778479","article-title":"Inhibition of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Signalling Pathway Activates Autophagy and Suppresses Peritoneal Fibrosis in the Process of Peritoneal Dialysis","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6035","article-title":"Antifungal Activity of Rapamycin on Botryosphaeria Dothidea and its Effect against Chinese Hickory Canker","volume":"77","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1669986","article-title":"Jixuepaidu Tang-1 Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Alleviates Renal Damage in DN Mice through Suppressing Long Non-coding RNA LOC498759","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Cycle"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.21.5720","article-title":"LC3, a Mammalian Homologue of Yeast Apg8p, Is Localized in Autophagosome Membranes after Processing","volume":"19","author":"Kabeya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00021","article-title":"Scorpion Venom Analgesic Peptide, BmK AGAP Inhibits Stemness, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Down-Regulating PTX3 in Breast Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kampo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051088","article-title":"Inhibition of Autophagy Promotes Salinomycin-Induced Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and ERK\/p38 MAPK-dependent Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa971","article-title":"PubChem in 2021: New Data Content and Improved Web Interfaces","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.426","article-title":"m6 A Modification of lncRNA PCAT6 Promotes Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer through IGF2BP2-Mediated IGF1R mRNA Stabilization","volume":"11","author":"Lang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01267-6","article-title":"YTHDF2 Mediates the mRNA Degradation of the Tumor Suppressors to Induce AKT Phosphorylation in N6-Methyladenosine-Dependent Way in Prostate Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S268524","article-title":"The Impact of Icariside II on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Mobility, and Autophagy via PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel Ther."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.108","article-title":"Astragaloside IV Inhibits Cell Migration and Viability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing Long Noncoding RNA ATB","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2019.02.009","article-title":"Peptides with Therapeutic Potential in the Venom of the Scorpion Buthus Martensii Karsch","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620306","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.620306","article-title":"A Novel Androgen-Induced lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression via the miR-15a\/CCNE2 Axis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2021.1936013","article-title":"Protective Role of Astragaloside IV in Gastric Cancer through Regulation of microRNA-195-5p-Mediated PD-L1","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-019-3064-0","article-title":"Network Pharmacology in Research of Chinese Medicine Formula: Methodology, Application and Prospective","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"39","article-title":"Potential Roles of Centipede Scolopendra Extracts as a Strategy against EGFR-dependent Cancers","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02520-4","article-title":"CdGAP Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Regulating Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Cycle Progression, and Apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Mehra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S231008","article-title":"Pleiotropic Anticancer Properties of Scorpion Venom Peptides: Rhopalurus Princeps Venom as an Anticancer Agent","volume":"14","author":"Mikaelian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel Ther."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13352","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNAs and Prostate Cancer","volume":"108","author":"Misawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7082","article-title":"Apoptosis and Autophagy Modulating Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer Therapeutics: Current Evidences and Future Perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Patra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10627","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17000","article-title":"Down-regulated LINC00115 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Targeting miR-212-5p\/FZD5\/Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin axis","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4234273","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4234273","article-title":"The Pivotal Potentials of Scorpion Buthus Martensii Karsch-Analgesic-Antitumor Peptide in Pain Management and Cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Richard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109726","article-title":"Salidroside Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells through the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR Pathway","volume":"122","author":"Rong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081904","article-title":"The Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus Active Extracts on Autophagy-Related Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24507","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124507","article-title":"The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling","volume":"21","author":"Shorning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1489","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1489","article-title":"Molecular Networks in Network Medicine: Development and Applications","volume":"12","author":"Silverman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Syst. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170643","article-title":"Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Venom Glands from Scorpions Liocheles Australasiae, Mesobuthus Martensii, and Scorpio Maurus Palmatus","volume":"146","author":"So","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3344","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3344","article-title":"Long Non-coding DANCR Targets miR-185-5p to Upregulate LIM and SH3 Protein 1 Promoting Prostate Cancer via the FAK\/PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/snail Pathway","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2019.1597840","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR\/NF-kB Pathway. Clinicopathological Features in Prostate Cancer Clinicopathological Features in Prostate Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Torrealba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.62112","article-title":"Linc01513 Inhibits the Malignant Potential of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Binding to PTBP1","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111044","article-title":"Anticancer Activities of TCM and Their Active Components against Tumor Metastasis","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12706","article-title":"Astragaloside II Sensitizes Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to 5-fluorouracil via Suppression of Autophagy","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109729","article-title":"Combination of Tanshinone IIA and Astragaloside IV Attenuate Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability in ApoE(-\/-) Mice by Activating PI3K\/AKT Signaling and Suppressing TRL4\/NF-\u039ab Signaling","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113342","article-title":"Effect of San'ao Decoction with Scorpio and bombyx Batryticatus on CVA Mice Model via Airway Inflammation and Regulation of TRPA1\/TRPV1\/TRPV5 Channels","volume":"264","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1311872","article-title":"Enhancement of Recombinant BmK AngM1 Production in Pichia pastoris by Regulating Gene Dosage, Co-expressing with Chaperones and Fermenting in Fed-Batch Mode","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14165","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14165","article-title":"Application of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Elucidate the Potential Mechanism of Astragalus-Scorpion against Prostate Cancer","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0878-0","article-title":"Astragaloside IV Inhibits Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis by Modulating Macrophage Polarization through AMPK Signaling","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.08.010","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNAs in Prostate Cancer: Functional Roles and Clinical Implications","volume":"464","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106069","article-title":"lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS1 Promotes Bladder Cancer Cell Invasion, Migration, and Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy through PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Signaling Pathway","volume":"140","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.01.075","article-title":"Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Activated Gene-1 (NAG-1) Modulators from Natural Products as Anti-cancer Agents","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11363","article-title":"Rapamycin Inhibits Proliferation and Apoptosis of Retinoblastoma Cells through PI3K\/AKT Signaling Pathway","volume":"19","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.190","article-title":"Highlights of Animal Venom Research on the Geographical Variations of Toxin Components, Toxicities and Envenomation Therapy","volume":"165","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00123","article-title":"Network Pharmacology Databases for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Review and Assessment","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112376","article-title":"LncRNA OIP5-AS1 Inhibits Ferroptosis in Prostate Cancer with Long-Term Cadmium Exposure through miR-128-3p\/SLC7A11 Signaling","volume":"220","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4021\/jocmr2009.01.1220","article-title":"Anti-proliferation Effect of Polypeptide Extracted from Scorpion Venom on Human Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1417603","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.895696\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T09:52:42Z","timestamp":1742464362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.895696\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2022.895696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.895696","relation":{"corrigendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1417603","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"article-number":"895696"}}