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In the present study, the inhibitory function of CTP in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in B6\/JGpt-<jats:italic>Apc<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>em1Cin(MinC)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/Gpt (<jats:italic>Apc<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup>) mice. CTP hampered tumor development and enhanced the ratio of CD3e<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>NK1.1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells by 113.0% and CD3e<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells by 84.7% in the peripheral blood of <jats:italic>Apc<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup> mice. CTP improved the richness, diversity, and evenness of the intestinal microbiota of <jats:italic>Apc<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup> mice, particularly by regulating the abundance of immune-related microorganisms. CTP effectively regulated the expression of immune-related cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 (15.19% increment), IL-12 (17.47% increment), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 (11.19% reduction). Additionally, it enhanced the levels of CD4 and CD8, as well as the ratio of helper T lymphocytes (Th)1\/Th2 in the spleen and tumors of <jats:italic>Apc<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup> mice. In CTP-treated mice, reduced levels of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), activated nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1), and nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) p65 signaling were noted. Collectively, the anti-CRC effect of CTP is related to the modulation of intestinal microbiota-mediated immune function, which provides a reference for CTP as a therapeutic drug or a combination drug used in CRC treatment in a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.898906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T04:41:45Z","timestamp":1652935305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calf Thymus Polypeptide Restrains the Growth of Colorectal Tumor via Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota-Mediated Immune Function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lanzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fange","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Cong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hor-Yue","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12263.RA","article-title":"Vitamin D and Prebiotics May Benefit the Intestinal Microbacteria and Improve Glucose Homeostasis in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Barengolts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. 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