{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:13:36Z","timestamp":1790892816162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diuretics have been one of the well-known nephrotoxic drugs which can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there are few real-world studies on the incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients received diuretics. In the present study, a single-center retrospective study was conducted in our center. The clinical data of hospitalized patients received diuretics from January 2018 to December 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Among the 18,148 hospitalized patients included in the study, 2,589 patients (14.26%) were judged as incidence with AKI, while only 252 patients were diagnosed with AKI in the medical record. Among diuretics drugs in the study, the incidence rate of AKI with torasemide was the highest with 21.62%, and hydrochlorothiazide had the lowest incidence rate (6.80%). The multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that complicated with hypertension, anemia, pneumonia, shock, sepsis, heart failure, neoplastic diseases, combined use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were independent risk factors for AKI related to diuretics. The logic regression models for diuretics related AKI were developed based on the included data. The model for diuretics-AKI achieved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) with 0.79 on 10-fold cross validation. It is urgent to improve the understanding and attention of AKI in patients received diuretics for medical workers, and the assessment of risk factors before the use of diuretics should be contributed to the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AKI, and ultimately reducing morbidity and improving prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.924173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T15:31:00Z","timestamp":1658503860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The incidence and risk factors analysis of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients received diuretics: A single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruiqiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baobao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0536-3","article-title":"The 6R's of drug induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"Awdishu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx030","article-title":"Calibration drift in regression and machine learning models for acute kidney injury","volume":"24","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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