{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:00:24Z","timestamp":1791576024380,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. It has been reported that a secretory phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> known as A2-EPTX-NSm1a has lower cytotoxicity in neuronal cells compared to its crude <jats:italic>Naja sumatrana<\/jats:italic> venom. In this study, A2-EPTX-NSm1a was tested for its neuroprotective activity on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) differentiated into cholinergic neurons against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatment alone increased the caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, whereas pre-treatment with A2-EPTX-NSm1a reduced the activity of these apoptosis-associated proteins. Moreover, A2-EPTX-NSm1a protects the morphology and ultrastructure of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells in the presence of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Oxidative stress increased the number of small mitochondria. Further evaluation showed the size of mitochondria with a length below 0.25\u00a0\u00b5m in oxidative stress conditions is higher than the control group, suggesting mitochondria fragmentation. Pre-treatment with A2-EPTX-NSm1a attenuated the number of mitochondria in cells with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> Furthermore, A2-EPTX-NSm1a altered the expression of several neuroprotein biomarkers of GDNF, IL-8, MCP-1, TIMP-1, and TNF-R1 in cells under oxidative stress induced by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. These findings indicate that anti-apoptosis with mitochondria-related protection, anti-inflammatory effect, and promote expression of important markers for cell survival may underlie the neuroprotective effect of A2-EPTX-NSm1a in cholinergic rich human cells under oxidative stress, a vital role in the neuronal disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.935418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T07:21:40Z","timestamp":1665732100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neuroprotective effect of phospholipase A2 from Malaysian Naja sumatrana venom against H2O2-induced cell damage and apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nur Atiqah Haizum","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Qisya Afifah Veronica","family":"Sainik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezalia","family":"Esa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Afrina","family":"Muhamad Hendri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamad Rusdi","family":"Ahmad Rusmili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne C.","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Farooq","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iekhsan","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.27","article-title":"Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease","volume":"13","author":"Aarsland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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