{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:18:55Z","timestamp":1778134735880,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This present study aims to delineate\n                    <jats:italic>Rumex dentatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    crude extract (Rd.Cr), n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous fractions (Rd.n-Hex, Rd.ETAC, and Rd.Aq), and emodin for antidiarrheal, antisecretory effects, anti-spasmodic, gastrointestinal transient time, anti-\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    , antiulcer effects, and toxicology. Plant extracts attributed dose-dependent protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea and dose-dependently inhibited intestinal fluid secretions in mice. They decreased the distance transverse by charcoal in the gastrointestinal transit model in rats. In rabbit jejunum preparations, it causes a concentration-dependent relaxation of both spontaneous and K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (80\u00a0mM)-induced contraction, Rd.n-Hex and verapamil were relatively potent against K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -induced contractions and shifted the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentration-response curves (CRCs) to the right, Rd.Cr and Rd.ETAC shifted the isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs to the left, showing potentiating effect similar to papaverine. Rd.n-Hex showed anti-\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    effect. Extracts and emodin also show an inhibitory effect against H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase.\n                    <jats:italic>Rumex dentatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed a gastroprotective and antioxidant effect. Histopathological evaluation showed improvement in cellular architecture and decrease in the expression of inflammatory markers such as cyclooxygenase (COX2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1), and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF\u0199B), validated through immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and western blot techniques. In RT-PCR, it decreases H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase mRNA levels.\n                    <jats:italic>Rumex dentatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was analyzed for certain safety aspects and exhibited a relative safety profile as no impairment was observed in kidneys, heart, liver, and brain further assisted by biochemical and hematological analysis. Docking studies revealed that emodin against H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase pump and voltage gated L-type calcium channel showed E-value of \u22127.9 and \u22127.4\u00a0kcal\/mol, respectively. MD simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area and molecular mechanics Generalized Born surface area MMPBSA\/GBSA findings are consistent with the\n                    <jats:italic>in-vitro, in-vivo,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and docking results. In conclusion,\n                    <jats:italic>Rumex dentatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts and its phytoconstituent could be considered a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug candidates that possess anti-diarrheal, anti-secretary, antispasmodic, anti-\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and anti-ulcer potential. Toxicity studies were done according to OECD standards 425. It belongs to group 5 (LD50 &amp;gt; 2000\u00a0mg\/kg), which suggests that it is in the lower toxicity class.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.936161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T02:39:54Z","timestamp":1660617594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["RETRACTED: Effect of Rumex dentatus on Gastrointestinal Protection and Toxicology in Rodents via Investigating H+\/K+-ATPase, Calcium Channels, and PDE Mediated Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Neelam Gul","family":"Qazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arif-ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumra Wajid","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.06.034","article-title":"Interaction Mechanisms of a Melatonergic Inhibitor in the Melatonin Synthesis Pathway","volume":"221","author":"Abbasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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