{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:04:12Z","timestamp":1793934252171,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic autoimmune diseases, which is typified by inflammatory necrosis predominantly affecting the small vessels and often accompanied by positive ANCA. Clinically, AAV primarily includes microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). It has been found that in AAV pathogenesis, both innate and adaptive immunity are related to neutrophil function mutually. Many proteins, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3), in neutrophil cytoplasm lead to the production of proteins such as MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA by activating adaptive immunity. In addition, through the process of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, activation of an alternative complement pathway and the respiratory burst can stimulate the neutrophils close to vascular endothelial cells and will participate the vessel inflammation. This review aims to reveal the potential mechanisms regulating the association between the neutrophils and various types of AAVs and to emphasize the results of recent findings on these interactions. Moreover, multiple underlying signaling pathways involved in the regulation of neutrophils during AAV processes have also been discussed. The ultimate goal of this review is to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AAV management in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.957660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T12:34:34Z","timestamp":1663936474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neutrophils in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Mechanisms and implications for management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shangqing","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruimin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinchen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongwen","family":"Shuai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R70","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4247","article-title":"Increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)","volume":"15","author":"Abdulahad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000154","article-title":"Pathophysiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"24","author":"Al-Hussain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Pathol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164646","article-title":"Characterization of pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of CCX168, a potent and selective orally administered complement 5a receptor inhibitor, based on preclinical evaluation and randomized phase 1 clinical study","volume":"11","author":"Bekker","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40313","article-title":"The epidemiology of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis in olmsted county, Minnesota: A twenty-year us population-based study","volume":"69","author":"Berti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(03)00025-8","article-title":"Outcome of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: A 5-year retrospective study","volume":"41","author":"Booth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102424","article-title":"Complement alternative pathway in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Two decades from bench to bedside","volume":"19","author":"Brilland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3827","article-title":"Long-term rituximab use to maintain remission of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: A randomized trial","volume":"173","author":"Charles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41773","article-title":"2021 American college of rheumatology\/vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"73","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2010.04.003","article-title":"Microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"36","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.08.017","article-title":"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener): Clinical aspects and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Comarmond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37721","article-title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): Clinical characteristics and long-term followup of the 383 patients enrolled in the French vasculitis study group cohort","volume":"65","author":"Comarmond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.010","article-title":"GPR35 promotes neutrophil recruitment in response to serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA","volume":"185","author":"De Giovanni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10550620","article-title":"Pexivas: The end of plasmapheresis for ANCA-associated vasculitis?","volume":"16","author":"De Vriese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpy073","article-title":"The orphan receptor GPR35 contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac dysfunction in mice","volume":"31","author":"Divorty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev242","article-title":"First report of FIP1L1-PDGFR\u03b1-positive eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"54","author":"Emmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.07.005","article-title":"Genetic etiologies of leukocyte adhesion defects","volume":"21","author":"Etzioni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328011cb80","article-title":"Controversies in small vessel vasculitis--comparing the rheumatology and nephrology views","volume":"19","author":"Falk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2010.05.006","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"36","author":"Flint","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01461005","article-title":"Incidence of ANCA-associated primary renal vasculitis in the miyazaki prefecture: The first population-based, retrospective, epidemiologic survey in Japan","volume":"1","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.06.004","article-title":"Update on eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"68","author":"Furuta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0641-0","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitis pathogenesis: A commentary","volume":"19","author":"Gapud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.04.031","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitis: Core curriculum 2020","volume":"75","author":"Geetha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00549","article-title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: An overview","volume":"5","author":"Gioffredi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221794","article-title":"2022 American college of rheumatology\/European alliance of associations for rheumatology classification criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"81","author":"Grayson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102716","article-title":"The value of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) testing for the diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Guchelaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22741","article-title":"Pathogenic effects of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies in patients with microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"56","author":"Guilpain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115835","article-title":"Role of C5a in inflammatory responses","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038317","article-title":"p38MAPK, ERK and PI3K signaling pathways are involved in C5a-primed neutrophils for ANCA-mediated activation","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4868","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa924","article-title":"New insights into the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitides in Germany: Results from a claims data study","volume":"60","author":"Hellmich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1070","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1070","article-title":"ANCA associated vasculitis","volume":"369","author":"Hunter","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a020644","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020644","article-title":"The Genesis of tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"6","author":"Hunter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2017.05.016","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitis: Pathogenesis, models, and preclinical testing","volume":"37","author":"Hutton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"S23","article-title":"Both Th2 and Th17 responses are involved in the pathogenesis of Churg-Strauss syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Jakiela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016111179","article-title":"Randomized trial of C5a receptor inhibitor avacopan in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"28","author":"Jayne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2023386","article-title":"Avacopan for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"384","author":"Jayne","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised international Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0355","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: Pathogenesis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitides","volume":"2","author":"Kallenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04615.x","article-title":"How anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies activate neutrophils","volume":"169","author":"Kettritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200102)44:2<469::AID-ANR66>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Elevated interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 production by T cell lines from patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Kiene","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0204-y","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"6","author":"Kitching","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-0921","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase augment leukocyte-microvascular interactions in vivo","volume":"106","author":"Little","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken079","article-title":"Evaluation of a new algorithm in classification of systemic vasculitis","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.028","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Wegener's granulomatosis)","author":"Lutalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00920-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of vascular damage in ANCA vasculitis","volume":"44","author":"Massicotte-Azarniouch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000218","article-title":"Enhanced expression of aquaporin 9 in activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Matsushima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii42","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa089","article-title":"An update on the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"59","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201531","article-title":"A vasculitis centre based management strategy leads to improved outcome in eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss, EGPA): Monocentric experiences in 150 patients","volume":"72","author":"Moosig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.071936","article-title":"Outcomes from studies of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: A systematic review by the European League against rheumatism systemic vasculitis task force","volume":"67","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2921","article-title":"Neutrophils at work","volume":"15","author":"Nauseef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102781","article-title":"A proposed role of neutrophil extracellular traps and their interplay with fibroblasts in ANCA-associated vasculitis lung fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Negreros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1669454","article-title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)","volume":"39","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez597","article-title":"Increasing incidence and prevalence of ANCA-associated vasculitis in Northern Norway","volume":"59","author":"Nilsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2010.04.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"36","author":"Ntatsaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635188","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635188","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: A potential therapeutic target in MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis?","volume":"12","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218272","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218272","article-title":"Neutrophils from ANCA-associated vasculitis patients show an increased capacity to activate the complement system via the alternative pathway after ANCA stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13530","article-title":"Relapse rate and renal prognosis in ANCA-associated vasculitis according to long-term ANCA patterns","volume":"203","author":"Oristrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.04.004","article-title":"Emerging insights into the structure and function of complement C5a receptors","volume":"45","author":"Pandey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04367.x","article-title":"Immunoglobulin subclass determines ability of immunoglobulin (Ig)G to capture and activate neutrophils presented as normal human IgG or disease-associated anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-IgG","volume":"164","author":"Pankhurst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.105","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease","volume":"18","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken033","article-title":"Eotaxin-3 is involved in Churg-Strauss syndrome--a serum marker closely correlating with disease activity","volume":"47","author":"Polzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2020.06.005","article-title":"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)","volume":"87","author":"Pu\u00e9chal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102397","article-title":"Alveolar haemorrhage in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Long-term outcome and mortality predictors","volume":"108","author":"Quartuccio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1748597","article-title":"Rituximab treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"20","author":"Raffray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221795","article-title":"2022 American college of rheumatology\/European alliance of associations for rheumatology classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"81","author":"Robson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.01.011","article-title":"ANCA associated vasculitis","volume":"74","author":"Salvador","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern Med."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-416156","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated autoimmunity","volume":"120","author":"Sangaletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.01.001","article-title":"Pulmonary-renal syndrome in a newborn with placental transmission of ANCAs","volume":"45","author":"Schlieben","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.420","article-title":"Phosphoinositol 3-kinase-gamma mediates antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-induced glomerulonephritis","volume":"77","author":"Schreiber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9618","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708247114","article-title":"Necroptosis controls NET generation and mediates complement activation, endothelial damage, and autoimmune vasculitis","volume":"114","author":"Schreiber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.02.016","article-title":"Successful pregnancy and delivery of a healthy newborn despite transplacental transfer of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies from a mother with microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"54","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.04.012","article-title":"Neutrophil diversity in Health and disease","volume":"40","author":"Silvestre-Roig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21250","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Churg-Strauss syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Sinico","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aar6689","article-title":"Gasdermin D plays a vital role in the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"3","author":"Sollberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221796","article-title":"2022 American college of rheumatology\/European alliance of associations for rheumatology classification criteria for microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"81","author":"Suppiah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210942","article-title":"Mortality in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Ameta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"76","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-267542","article-title":"Interleukin-25: A cytokine linking eosinophils and adaptive immunity in churg-strauss syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Terrier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.03.004","article-title":"Human neutrophils in auto-immunity","volume":"28","author":"Thieblemont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02452-8","article-title":"Serious infections in ANCA-associated vasculitides in the biologic era: Real-life data from a multicenter cohort of 162 patients","volume":"23","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez632","article-title":"Rituximab for maintenance of remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Expert consensus guidelines-executive summary","volume":"59","author":"Tieu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker280","article-title":"Value of ANCA measurements during remission to predict a relapse of ANCA-associated vasculitis--a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Tomasson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii84","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez570","article-title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Understanding the disease and its management","volume":"59","author":"Trivioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9898-x","article-title":"Decreases in the numbers of peripheral blood regulatory T cells, and increases in the levels of memory and activated B cells, in patients with active eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis","volume":"33","author":"Tsurikisawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22834","article-title":"HLA-DRB4 as a genetic risk factor for Churg-Strauss syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Vaglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.019","article-title":"Contemporary consensus proposal on criteria and classification of eosinophilic disorders and related syndromes","volume":"130","author":"Valent","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa066","article-title":"PR3-ANCAs predict relapses in ANCA-associated vasculitis patients after rituximab","volume":"36","author":"van Dam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.02.004","article-title":"Immunoreceptors on neutrophils","volume":"28","author":"van Rees","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.07.009","article-title":"Microscopic polyangiitis: Clinical presentation","volume":"9","author":"Villiger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22832","article-title":"Febrile temperatures control antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-induced neutrophil activation via inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt","volume":"56","author":"von Vietinghoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.10.049","article-title":"Plasma exchange for renal vasculitis and idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: A meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Walsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803537","article-title":"Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"382","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13065","article-title":"HMGB1 contributes to glomerular endothelial cell injury in ANCA-associated vasculitis through enhancing endothelium-neutrophil interactions","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw202","article-title":"Age-determined severity of anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibody-mediated glomerulonephritis in mice","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.11.010","article-title":"Reduced activated regulatory T cells and imbalance of Th17\/activated Treg cells marks renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00718-8","article-title":"Global epidemiology of vasculitis","volume":"18","author":"Watts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3928","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn354","article-title":"Renal vasculitis in Japan and the UK--are there differences in epidemiology and clinical phenotype?","volume":"23","author":"Watts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23496","article-title":"Functionally relevant variations of the interleukin-10 gene associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative Churg-Strauss syndrome, but not with Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"58","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI15918","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice","volume":"110","author":"Xiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060573","article-title":"Alternative complement pathway in the pathogenesis of disease mediated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies","volume":"170","author":"Xiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133","article-title":"EULAR\/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"75","author":"Yates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12736","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody affinity is associated with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the kidney and vasculitis activity in myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"21","author":"Yoshida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol. Carlt."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.957660\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T12:34:41Z","timestamp":1663936481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.957660\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2022.957660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.957660","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"article-number":"957660"}}