{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:03:50Z","timestamp":1764785030171,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018636","name":"Xuzhou Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to develop a thermosensitive <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> gel (TISG) as an effective rectal delivery platform for delivering <jats:italic>Periplaneta americana<\/jats:italic> extracts (PA) to alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold> Thermosensitive (poloxamer 407) and adhesive polymers (chondroitin sulfate modified carboxymethyl chitosan, CCMTS) were used to construct the <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> gel. CCMTS and aldehyde poloxamer 407 (P407-CHO) were synthesized and chemically cross-linked by Schiff base reaction to formulate thermosensitive <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> gel, which carried <jats:italic>Periplaneta americana<\/jats:italic> extracts (PA\/CCMTS-P). The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of CCMTS-P were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced macrophages by CCK-8 assay. The anti-inflammatory effects of PA\/CCMTS-P were studied in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mouse models. In addition, the ability of PA\/CCMTS-P to restore the intestinal mucosal barrier after rectal administration was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> PA\/CCMTS-P was prepared and characterized as gel with a phase-transition temperature of 32.9\u00b0C. The results of the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments indicated that the hydrogels promoted the cellular uptake of <jats:italic>Periplaneta americana<\/jats:italic> extracts without causing any toxicity as compared to the free gel. PA\/CCMTS-P showed superior anti-inflammatory activity both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo,<\/jats:italic> which restored the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier associated by inhibiting necroptosis in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis models.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The findings from our study show that the rectal administration of PA\/CCMTS-P holds a promising potential for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1111267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:21:45Z","timestamp":1675837305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficiency of a novel thermosensitive enema in situ hydrogel carrying Periplaneta americana extracts for the treatment of ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqiong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2015.08.004","article-title":"The pattern of CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression is a useful predictor of ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia and neoplasia","volume":"19","author":"AbdElazeem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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