{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:54:17Z","timestamp":1761710057979,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Current treatment and management options for functional dyspepsia (FD) often fail to alleviate symptoms. <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> (NHT) is a herbal formula frequently used to treat functional dyspepsia in traditional Korean medicine. However, few animal and case reports on the use of <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> for functional dyspepsia treatment exist, and the clinical evidence remains deficient.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> in patients with functional dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We enrolled 116 patients with functional dyspepsia at two study sites in this 4\u00a0weeks, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned them to either the <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> or placebo group. To evaluate the efficacy of <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic>, the primary endpoint was a score on the total dyspepsia symptom (TDS) scale after treatment. The overall treatment effect (OTE), single dyspepsia symptom (SDS) scale, food retention questionnaire (FRQ), <jats:italic>Damum<\/jats:italic> questionnaire (DQ), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL) questionnaire, and gastric myoelectrical activity measured using electrogastrography were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Laboratory tests were performed to confirm the safety of the intervention.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The 4\u00a0weeks administration of <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> granules demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in the total dyspepsia symptom (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) and a higher degree of improvement in the total dyspepsia symptom (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) than the placebo group. Patients who underwent <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> had a significantly higher overall treatment effect and a greater increase in the degree of improvement in scores such as epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, early satiation, functional dyspepsia-related quality of life, and <jats:italic>Damum<\/jats:italic> questionnaire (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, the <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> group showed a greater effect in preventing a decrease in the percentage of normal gastric slow waves after meals than the placebo group. As a result of subgroup analyses using the degree of improvement in total dyspepsia symptom, <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> was found to be more effective than placebo in female, younger patients (&amp;lt;65\u00a0years), with a high body-mass index (\u226522), overlap type, food retention type, and Dampness and heat in the spleen and stomach systems pattern. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> This is the first randomized clinical trial to verify that <jats:italic>Naesohwajung-tang<\/jats:italic> leads on symptom relief in patients with functional dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/cris.nih.go.kr\/cris\/search\/detailSearch.do\/17613<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier KCT0003405<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1157535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T05:14:29Z","timestamp":1683868469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy and safety of the herbal formula Naesohwajung-tang for functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Na-Yeon","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok-Jae","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04640.x","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia impairs quality of life in the adult population","volume":"33","author":"Aro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment. 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