{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:17:41Z","timestamp":1777472261939,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> The effect of the conventional treatment methods of glioblastoma (GBM) is poor and the prognosis of patients is poor. The expression of MCL-1 in GBM is significantly increased, which shows a high application value in targeted therapy. In this study, we predicted the prognosis of glioblastoma patients, and therefore constructed MCL-1 related prognostic signature (MPS) and the development of MCL-1 small molecule inhibitors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this study, RNA-seq and clinical data of 168 GBM samples were obtained from the TCGA website, and immunological analysis, differential gene expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed. Subsequently, MCL-1-associated prognostic signature (MPS) was constructed and validated by LASSO Cox analysis, and a nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients. Finally, the 17931 small molecules downloaded from the ZINC15 database were screened by LibDock, ADME, TOPKAT and CDOCKER modules and molecular dynamics simulation in Discovery Studio2019 software, and two safer and more effective small molecule inhibitors were finally selected.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Immunological analysis showed immunosuppression in the MCL1_H group, and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors had a positive effect. Differential expression gene analysis identified 449 differentially expressed genes. Build and validate MPS using LASSO Cox analysis. Use the TSHR HIST3H2A, ARGE OSMR, ARHGEF25 build risk score, proved that low risk group of patients prognosis is better. Univariate and multivariate analysis proved that risk could be used as an independent predictor of patient prognosis. Construct a nomogram to predict the survival probability of patients at 1,2,3 years. Using a series of computer-aided techniques, two more reasonable lead compounds ZINC000013374322 and ZINC000001090002 were virtually selected. These compounds have potential inhibitory effects on MCL-1 and provide a basis for the design and further development of MCL-1 specific small molecule inhibitors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> This study analyzed the effect of MCL-1 on the prognosis of glioblastoma patients from the perspective of immunology, constructed a new prognostic model to evaluate the survival rate of patients, and further screened 2 MCL-1 small molecule inhibitors, which provides new ideas for the treatment and prognosis of glioblastoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1162540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T07:28:17Z","timestamp":1689751697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of an MCL-1-related prognostic signature and inhibitors screening for glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-xin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuopeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113667","article-title":"Combination of B7H6-siRNA and temozolomide synergistically reduces stemness and migration properties of glioblastoma cancer cells","volume":"429","author":"Allahyarzadeh Khiabani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. 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