{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T06:32:57Z","timestamp":1772865177140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005057","name":"National Tsing Hua University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110F7MBBE1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110F7MBBE1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2628-E-007-005-MY2 MOST 111-2314-B-006-085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2628-E-007-005-MY2 MOST 111-2314-B-006-085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V111B-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V111B-009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is lethal in elderly individuals who are more vulnerable to respiratory failure and require more emergency ventilation support than younger individuals. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role and has predictive value in CAP; high serum IL-6 concentrations in adults are associated with high respiratory failure and mortality rates. Early detection of IL-6 concentrations can facilitate the timely stratification of patients at risk of acute respiratory failure. However, conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IL-6 measurement is laborious and time-consuming.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The IL-6 rapid diagnostic system combined with a lateral flow immunoassay-based (LFA-based) IL-6 test strip and a spectrum-based optical reader is a novel tool developed for rapid and sequential bedside measurements of serum IL-6 concentrations. Here, we evaluated the correlation between the IL-6 rapid diagnostic system and the ELISA and the efficacy of the system in stratifying high-risk elderly patients with CAP. Thirty-six elderly patients (median age: 86.5\u00a0years; range: 65\u201397\u00a0years) with CAP were enrolled. CAP diagnosis was established based on the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) criteria. The severity of pneumonia was assessed using the CURB-65 score and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). IL-6 concentration was measured twice within 24\u00a0h of admission.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The primary endpoint variable was respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical or non-invasive ventilation support after admission. IL-6 rapid diagnostic readouts correlated with ELISA results (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001) for 30 samples. Patients were predominantly male and bedridden (69.4%). Ten patients (27.7%) experienced respiratory failure during admission, and five (13.9%) died of pneumonia. Respiratory failure was associated with a higher mortality rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.015). Decreased serum IL-6 concentration within 24\u00a0h after admission indicated a lower risk of developing respiratory failure in the later admission course (Receiver Operating Characteristic [ROC] curve = 0.696).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Sequential IL-6 measurements with the IL-6 rapid diagnostic system might be useful in early clinical risk assessment and severity stratification of elderly patients with pneumonia. This system is a potential point-of-care diagnostic device for sequential serum IL-6 measurements that can be applied in variable healthcare systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1166923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T04:34:55Z","timestamp":1683261295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of a paper-based interleukin-6 test strip combined with a spectrum-based optical reader for sequential monitoring and early recognition of respiratory failure in elderly pneumonia\u2014a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Cheng-Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Tzu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Sheng","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Fen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Min","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.134072","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and procalcitonin as biomarkers in mortality prediction of hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"Andrijevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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