{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:31:14Z","timestamp":1792690274078,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Observational studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated a positive correlation between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and lung cancer. However, the findings remain controversial; furthermore, the relationship between ACEI-induced cough and lung cancer development remains unknown. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to verify the association between ACEI use, ACEI-induced cough, and the risk of lung cancer.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We performed a two-sample MR analysis to determine the unconfounded relationships between ACE inhibition, which mimics the effects of ACEIs, and genetic proxies for ACEI-induced cough and lung cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that imitate ACE receptors and ACEI-induced cough were collected and integrated into a meta-analysis of existing genome-wide association studies for various lung cancers. The relationship was quantified using inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A statistically significant association was observed between ACE inhibition and the risk of small cell lung cancer for Europeans (excluding rs118121655\/rs80311894). Associations were identified between ACEI-induced cough and the risk of lung cancer for Europeans, although not for Asians, and between ACEI-induced cough and lung adenocarcinoma (excluding rs360206).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Our findings reveal a relationship between ACE inhibition and lung cancer development, as well as a significant association between ACEI-induced cough and a higher risk of lung cancer for Europeans. Patients with hypertension who experience dry cough as a side effect of ACEI use should consider switching to an alternative antihypertensive treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1267924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T07:40:53Z","timestamp":1695282053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough and the risk of lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Taikang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.01.005","article-title":"Pathophysiology of cough with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors: How to explain within-class differences?","volume":"110","author":"Borghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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