{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:23:34Z","timestamp":1791897814710,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in neonates &amp;gt;34 weeks on improving respiration is well documented. However, the efficacy of iNO in preterm infants \u226434 weeks remains controversial.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The main purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of iNO treatment in preterm infants \u226434 weeks.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Search methods:<\/jats:bold> We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Libraries from their inception to 1 June 2023. We also reviewed the reference lists of retrieved studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Selection criteria:<\/jats:bold> Our study involved randomized controlled trials on preterm infants \u226434 weeks, especially those receiving iNO treatment, and mainly assessed outcomes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality. Two authors independently reviewed these trials, extracted data, and evaluated study biases. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We used the GRADE method to assess evidence quality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Our research included a total of 17 studies involving 4,080 neonates and 7 follow-up studies. The synthesis of results showed that in neonates, iNO treatment reduced the incidence of BPD (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86\u20130.98). It also decreased the composite outcome of death or BPD (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90\u20130.98), without increasing the risk of short-term (such as intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia) and long-term neurological outcomes (including Bayley mental developmental index &amp;lt;70, cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental impairment). Furthermore, iNO did not significantly affect other neonatal complications like sepsis, pulmonary hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Subgroup analysis revealed that iNO significantly reduced BPD incidence in neonates at 36 weeks under specific intervention conditions, including age less than 3 days, birth weight over 1,000\u00a0g, iNO dose of 10\u00a0ppm or higher, or treatment duration exceeding 7 days (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Inhaled NO reduced the incidence of BPD in neonates at 36 weeks of gestation, and the effect of the treatment depended on neonatal age, birth weight, duration and dose of iNO. Therefore, iNO can be considered a promising treatment for the potential prevention of BPD in premature infants. More data, however, would be needed to support nitric oxide registration in this specific patient population, to minimize its off-label use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1268795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:51:35Z","timestamp":1704948695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants \u2264 34\u00a0weeks: a systematic review and meta\u2014analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhoushan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiliang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"INOmax EPAR product information2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061088","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation","volume":"355","author":"Ballard","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000509","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000509","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants","volume":"1","author":"Barrington","year":"","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000399","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000399","article-title":"Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term","volume":"1","author":"Barrington","year":"","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00801.x","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome in high-risk preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"90","author":"Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212504","article-title":"Oxidative stress and respiratory diseases in preterm newborns","author":"Cannav\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/s0146-0005(97)80006-7","article-title":"Nitric oxide and platelet function: implications for neonatology","volume":"21","author":"Cheung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3507","article-title":"NIH Consensus Development Conference statement: inhaled nitric-oxide therapy for premature infants","volume":"127","author":"Cole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250600702594","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in very preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Dani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23843","article-title":"Nitric oxide for the treatment of preterm infants with severe RDS and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"52","author":"Dani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.325","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for the early treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the term newborn: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, dose-response, multicenter study. The I-NO\/PPHN Study Group","volume":"101","author":"Davidson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3428","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: a systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Donohue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e695","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0007","article-title":"Two-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants","volume":"132","author":"Durrmeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03309-7","article-title":"Early compared with delayed inhaled nitric oxide in moderately hypoxaemic neonates with respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. The Franco-Belgium Collaborative NO Trial Group","volume":"354","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"(nitric oxide) gas, for inhalation","year":"2019"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1209","article-title":"Neonatal ventilation with inhaled nitric oxide versus ventilatory support without inhaled nitric oxide for preterm infants with severe respiratory failure: the INNOVO multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN 17821339)","volume":"115","author":"Field","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function","volume":"33","author":"Forstermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70370-1","article-title":"The effect of inhaled nitric oxide therapy on bleeding time and platelet aggregation in neonates","volume":"132","author":"George","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.706","article-title":"Four patterns of response to inhaled nitric oxide for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"98","author":"Goldman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f7450","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7450","article-title":"Converting an odds ratio to a range of plausible relative risks for better communication of research findings","volume":"348","author":"Grant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01854.x","article-title":"Methaemoglobinaemia risk factors with inhaled nitric oxide therapy in newborn infants","volume":"99","author":"Hamon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2618","article-title":"Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"171","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.10.019","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of nitric oxide therapy in premature infants","volume":"146","author":"Hascoet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L375","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00307.2005","article-title":"Hypoxia induces hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to thromboxane receptor agonist in neonatal pulmonary arterial myocytes","volume":"290","author":"Hinton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.03.017","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of premature infants with severe respiratory failure enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"151","author":"Hintz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1994.tb09728.x","article-title":"Prolonged bleeding time during nitric oxide inhalation in the rabbit","volume":"151","author":"Hogman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F430","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.129353","article-title":"The INNOVO multicentre randomised controlled trial: neonatal ventilation with inhaled nitric oxide versus ventilatory support without nitric oxide for severe respiratory failure in preterm infants: follow up at 4-5 years","volume":"93","author":"Huddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.112","article-title":"Early inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants <34 weeks with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.06.018","article-title":"Noninvasive inhaled nitric oxide does not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature newborns","volume":"165","author":"Kinsella","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060442","article-title":"Early inhaled nitric oxide therapy in premature newborns with respiratory failure","volume":"355","author":"Kinsella","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(99)03558-8","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in premature neonates with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"354","author":"Kinsella","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)00994-3","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide selectively dilates pulmonary vasculature in adult patients with pulmonary hypertension, irrespective of etiology","volume":"36","author":"Krasuski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1179\/016164111X13007856084403","article-title":"Nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): their pathophysiological role and involvement in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13257","article-title":"Effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on early intellectual development in preterm infants","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/s001216220000013x","article-title":"Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases risk for later neurological and motor sequelae in preterm survivors","volume":"42","author":"Majnemer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25073","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"56","author":"Mandell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L450","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00347.2004","article-title":"Inhaled NO improves early pulmonary function and modifies lung growth and elastin deposition in a baboon model of neonatal chronic lung disease","volume":"288","author":"McCurnin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD004454","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub4","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"12","author":"McGoldrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60664-2","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies (EUNO): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Mercier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043514","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of premature infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"353","author":"Mestan","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702273360901","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"336","author":"Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F183","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302308","article-title":"Acute haemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with mild-to-moderate respiratory distress","volume":"98","author":"Rhee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702273360902","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group","volume":"336","author":"Roberts","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181ca0d93","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide decreases leukocyte trafficking in the neonatal mouse lung during exposure to >95% oxygen","volume":"67","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031154","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"349","author":"Schreiber","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211476","article-title":"Pulmonary inflammation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"26","author":"Speer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"B56","first-page":"S469","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in premature infants with mild to moderate respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Srisuparp","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211881","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in the management of preterm infants with severe respiratory failure","volume":"28","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F185","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.3.f185","article-title":"Open randomised controlled trial of inhaled nitric oxide and early dexamethasone in high risk preterm infants","volume":"77","author":"Subhedar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L35","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00381.2006","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates pulmonary inflammation and fibrin deposition and prolongs survival in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury","volume":"293","author":"ter Horst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"5","author":"Thebaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16301","article-title":"Neonatal platelet count trends during inhaled nitric oxide therapy","volume":"188","author":"Thom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211690","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in infants >1500 g and <34 weeks gestation with severe respiratory failure","volume":"27","author":"Van Meurs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043927","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for premature infants with severe respiratory failure","volume":"353","author":"Van Meurs","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1216","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the national institute of child health and human development neonatal research network, 1993-1994","volume":"105","author":"Vohr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.011","article-title":"Two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes of ventilated preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"156","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B66","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure from a multicenter controlled trial","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. Engl."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0114","article-title":"Clinical and economic effects of iNO in premature newborns with respiratory failure at 1 year","volume":"124","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"805","article-title":"Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1736-8","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants at discharge: a multicenter study from Guangdong province during 2008-2017","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25545","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of surfactant administration via thin catheter in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3214","article-title":"Economic evaluation of inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation","volume":"124","author":"Zupancic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1268795\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:51:43Z","timestamp":1704948703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1268795\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2023.1268795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1268795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"article-number":"1268795"}}