{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:25:03Z","timestamp":1793057103921,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Oxytocin is the gold standard uterotonic agent for prevention of <jats:italic>postpartum<\/jats:italic> hemorrhage. However, there is no consensus with clear evidence about the side-effects of oxytocin administered intravenously or intramuscularly for management of the third stage of labor. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the side-effects of intravenously or intramuscularly oxytocin for preventing <jats:italic>postpartum<\/jats:italic> hemorrhage in the third stage of labor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Six representative databases were searched from the inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials which explored the intravenously and intramuscularly oxytocin and provided at least one side-effect were included. Statistical analysis included random or fixed-effect meta-analyses using relative risk.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Nine studies included, involving 8,295 participants. Ten types of side-effects were reported. There was no statistical difference in hypotension (RR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.88\u20131.15), anemia (0.98, 0.83\u20131.15), tachycardia (0.90, 0.69\u20131.17), shivering (0.90, 0.69\u20131.17), headache (0.86, 0.31\u20132.37), nausea (0.70, 0.20\u20132.42), vomiting (0.97, 0.26\u20133.58), uvular edema (0.82, 0.23\u20132.91), diarrhea (0.97, 0.26\u20133.58), and fever (0.97, 0.26\u20133.58) between intravenously or intramuscularly groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> There are no significant differences of side-effects between intravenously and intramuscularly administration of oxytocin for preventing <jats:italic>postpartum<\/jats:italic> hemorrhage in the third labor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Systematic Review Registration:<\/jats:bold><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/display_record.php?RecordID=407571<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1273771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T04:15:11Z","timestamp":1703218511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Side-effects of intravenously versus intramuscularly oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhua","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k3546","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3546","article-title":"Intramuscular versus intravenous oxytocin to prevent postpartum haemorrhage at vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trial","volume":"362","author":"Adnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00745","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.745","article-title":"Side-effects of carbetocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Ai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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