{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:03:35Z","timestamp":1761563015965,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody, has gained widespread approval for treating various malignancies. Among the immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) during ICI treatment, the lichenoid reaction is noteworthy. Sintilimab, a new PD-1 inhibitor, has secured approval in China for treating refractory non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma, and phase I\/II clinical trials for other solid tumors are ongoing both domestically and abroad. This paper presents a case of a mucocutaneous lichenoid reaction associated with sintilimab therapy, its diagnosis, and management. Our study, using multiplex immunofluorescence staining, reveals localized infiltration of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes in the subepithelial lamina propria region with upregulated PD-1 expression, implying an association between PD-1 expression upregulation and lichenoid reactions provoked by PD-1 monoclonal antibody. We provide a summary of clinical characteristics and treatment guidelines for lichenoid reactions induced by ICIs from previous reports, highlighting the success of a combined therapeutic regimen of oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids in controlling symptoms without interrupting ICI treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1276788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T16:28:42Z","timestamp":1702398522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lichenoid mucocutaneous reactions associated with sintilimab therapy in a non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patient: case report and review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shuting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengjian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.035","article-title":"Survival and prognosis of individuals receiving programmed cell death 1 inhibitor with and without immunologic cutaneous adverse events","volume":"82","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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