{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:12:59Z","timestamp":1753891979923,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011821","name":"Ministry of Education\u2014Kingdom of Saudi Arabi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF2\/PSAU\/2022\/03\/21877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF2\/PSAU\/2022\/03\/21877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011821","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> The health, development, and\/or survival of a newborn can be impacted by congenital abnormalities such as cleft lip (CLP) and palate, one of alveolar bone defects that emerge thru pregnancy. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to use phospholipids-based phase separation <jats:italic>in-situ<\/jats:italic> gel (PPSG) in combination with bone morphogenetic protein-2 nanoemulsion (BMP-2-NE) to aid repairing alveolar bone defects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> To investigate how formulation parameters, such as the concentrations of BMP-2 aqueous solution, LauroglycolTM FCC, and Labrafac PG oil, affect NE qualities including droplet size and stability index, an l-optimal co-ordinate exchange statistical design was opted. Injectable PPSG with the best NE formulation was tested for viscosity characteristics, gel strength, water absorption, and <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> BMP-2 release. In rabbits, the percentage of BMP-2 that was still in the maxilla after 14\u00a0days was assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Collected results revealed that the droplet size and stability index of optimal NE were discovered to be 68 2.0\u00a0nm and 96 1.3%, respectively. When mixed with water, optimal BMP-2 NE loaded PPSG became viscous and reached a gel strength of 41\u00a0s, which is adequate for injectable <jats:italic>in-situ<\/jats:italic> gels. In comparison to BMP-2 solution loaded <jats:italic>in-situ<\/jats:italic> gel, the <jats:italic>in-vivo<\/jats:italic> studies indicated that the newly created BMP-2 NE loaded PPSG produced a sustained and controlled release of BMP-2 that continued for 336 h (14\u00a0days). Further, 8% of the BMP-2 was still entrapped and not completely dissolved after 14\u00a0days, thus, created formulation allowed a higher percentage of BMP-2 to remain in rabbits\u2019 maxilla for longer time.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> PPSG that has been loaded with BMP-2 NE may therefore be a promising, fruitful, and less painful paradigm for the noninvasive therapy of CLP with significant effect and extended release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1286133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:16:01Z","timestamp":1697530561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fabrication and optimization of phospholipids-based phase separation in-situ gel loaded with BMP-2 nanosized emulsion for bone defect"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hjazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghadah S.","family":"Abusalim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghfren S.","family":"Aloraini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suad A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleed Y.","family":"Rizg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deena M.","family":"Bukhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Alkharobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2016.1219916","article-title":"Mucoadhesive niosomal in situ gel for ocular tissue targeting: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of lomefloxacin hydrochloride","volume":"22","author":"Abdelbary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. 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