{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T01:16:48Z","timestamp":1782177408868,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Ionizing radiation (IR) is effectively used in the treatment of oral malignancies; however, it might also significantly harm the surrounding tissues. Whey protein isolate (WP) is a protein derived from milk that exhibits a wide range of bioactivities. Therefore, the present research aimed to delineate the mitigating impact of WP against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Rats were randomized into 5 groups: Control (saline, orally, 14\u00a0days), WP (WP; 0.5\u00a0g\/kg b. w., orally, 14\u00a0days), IR (saline, orally, 14\u00a0days, exposed to 6 and 3\u00a0Gy on days 4 and 6, respectively), WP+IR (WP was given orally for 14\u00a0days before and after IR exposure; exposed to 6 and 3\u00a0Gy on days 4 and 6, respectively), and IR+WP (WP, orally, started 24\u00a0h after 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> IR exposure till the end of the experiment) groups. Samples were collected at two-time intervals (on the 7<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and 14<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> days).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results and Discussion:<\/jats:bold> Oxidative stress was stimulated upon IR exposure in tongue, indicated by boosted malondialdehyde (MDA) level, along with a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Additionally, IR exposure depicted an increase of serum IgE, inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-6, along with overexpression mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa-B transcription factor\/p65 (NF-\u03baB\/p65), and down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) mRNA levels in tongue tissue. Moreover, IR triggered alterations in lingual histological architecture. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of WP mitigated oxidative damage, inflammation, and desquamation that were brought on following IR exposure. The protective administration of WP markedly decreases IR-induced lingual harm compared to the mitigation protocol. Our findings recommend WP supplements to the diets of cancer patients undergoing IR that might aid radioprotective effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1293230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1702445142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Radioprotective potential of whey protein against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hanaa M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa M.","family":"Abdeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Y.","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walied","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saher S.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaf","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rada","family":"Olga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Fericean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah F.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba I.","family":"Ghamry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farouk S.","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwa M.","family":"Sorour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Eldeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"Bikheet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112154","article-title":"The potential antioxidant bioactivity of date palm fruit against gentamicin-mediated hepato-renal injury in male albino rats","volume":"143","author":"Abdeen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. 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